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Dementia is a term used to describe a group of symptoms related to the continuing decline in brain function – the four main types are Alzheimer's disease, vascular dementia, Lewy body dementia, and frontotemporal dementia. The first common symptoms of the disease include memory loss, difficulty concentrating and confusion between time and place. There is currently no treatment, but experts suggest that there are ways to reduce the risk of development. It is recommended to be physically active, eat well, do not smoke, drink less alcohol and keep your mind active.
Some research suggests, however, that taking a supplement may boost memory in patients with mild to moderate dementia.
German researchers found that patients with these stages of dementia, including Alzheimer's disease, who took 240 mg of ginkgo a day for six months, had better memory and cognitive function than those taking a placebo.
A study published in 2000 also found that healthy adults taking 180 mg of gingko for six weeks had faster treatment skills and improved memory function.
Holland & Barret explains what "ginkgo biloba" means, its full name: "The ancient ginkgo biloba tree or maidenhair, native to China, has long been renowned for its health benefits.
"Scientists now know that ginkgo is rich in antioxidants, compounds that help protect our cells against damage from free radicals, also known as oxidation.
"It has been extensively studied for its effect on age-related conditions such as heart disease, cognitive decline – especially, memory problems – and dementia."
Ginkgo biloba has been shown to promote circulation, reduce anxiety and stimulate libido.
Ginkgo biloba is available in capsules. In terms of dosage, the health product store High Street Health Store advises not to impose a safe upper limit in the United Kingdom, but that products tend to vary between 30 and 500 mg.
He recommends: "A usual daily dose could be 240 mg for adults and, as a guide, should be taken for at least eight weeks for any effect to be visible.
"Be sure to read all instructions on the package or the patient's package leaflet before taking.
"It is not advisable for pregnant or lactating women to take gingko, as safety has not yet been established in these groups.
"Children under 12 should not take gingko blob unless under medical supervision."
Cognitive function could also be enhanced by taking a choline supplement.
A large-scale American study, published in the American Journal of Clinical Nutrition in 2011, found that a higher intake of choline was linked to better cognitive performance.
Choline is not technically a vitamin, but is often grouped with Group B vitamins.
Our body needs choline to produce acetylcholine, a neurotransmitter, which contributes to memory, mood and cognitive functions, making it an essential nutrient for the brain.
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