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Strategically located at the meeting of the Middle East and Sub-Saharan Africa, Sudan is bordered by seven countries: Egypt, Eritrea, Ethiopia, South Sudan, the Central African Republic, Chad and Libya.
The country is also straddling the 10th parallel, where North Africa, predominantly Muslim, meets the South, predominantly Christian.
Sudan gained independence from British and Egyptian rule in 1956, but was quickly torn apart by decades of civil war, which intensified after the discovery of oil in the south-west of the country.
While President Omar al-Bashir's hard regime brought a relative level of stability after the 1989 coup, tensions persisted around southern Sudan; they were not resolved until 2005, the year of the signing of a peace agreement promising the independence of the southern regions of the country six years.
In 2011, South Sudan voted overwhelmingly for independence, becoming the newest country in the world.
The two Sudanese, however, continued to fight for southern Kordofan, a state rich in oil. The conflict in Darfur has also raged in the country since 2003, fueled by tensions between African blacks and the country's Arab elite.
Bashir's alleged war crimes in Darfur have made him an outcast in most countries of the world, but under US President Donald Trump, Washington sympathized with the Sudanese leader.
US attempts to resume dialogue with the Sudanese government have been widely viewed as an attempt by the Trump administration to improve regional cooperation against terrorism and increase its diplomatic influence in Africa. .
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