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"At this historic moment in our country, to be neutral, it is to be on the side of a regime that has sentenced hundreds of thousands of human beings to misery, to hunger, to the. Exile and even to death, "he wrote.
The head of the opposition-controlled National Assembly declared himself interim president of Venezuela last week, citing a constitutional rule to launch a rare challenge to Maduro's claim to the presidency.
The ad has been recognized by more than a dozen countries, including the United States. Mexico and Uruguay have called for an international conference of neutral countries to facilitate talks between Maduro and the opposition next week.
Guaido said he was refusing the invitation on behalf of Venezuelans, the country's democratic institutions and the National Assembly, and said that they would not participate in negotiations "aimed at maintaining perpetrators of human rights violations ".
Maduro began a six-year presidential term last month. He said that last year's elections were fair, but international observers questioned their legitimacy.
Guaido promised a transitional government and free elections to end the regime of the Maduro socialist regime, which oversaw the collapse of the once-rich oil nation into economic collapse and a humanitarian crisis.
Maduro reaffirms the loyalty of the army
Addressing Venezuela's National Guard, Maduro urged the soldiers to remain loyal to his government, rejecting an offer of opposition to join them.
Maduro spoke Friday in Macarao, a district of the capital Caracas, surrounded by his defense minister and several senior military officials.
In an article published Thursday in the New York Times, Guaido said that any transition of power could not take place without the support of "key military contingents."
Guaido told CNN that he was in talks with members of the military but did not come up with a clear plan on how to convince him to withdraw his support for Maduro.
CNN's Stefano Pozzebon reported in Caracas and Nicole Chavez wrote in Atlanta. CNN journalists Mohammed Tawfeeq, AJ Davis and Jorge Luis Perez Valery also contributed to this report.
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