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Ovarian cancer affects about 7,000 women each year, making it one of the most common types of disease in women.
But what is ovarian cancer, what are the signs to watch for and who is most at risk? We have all the details …
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What is ovarian cancer?
Ovarian cancer affects the ovaries, which are a small pair of organs located in the pelvic cavity of the woman.
They are an important part of the female reproductive system because they connect to the uterus and store eggs.
If you have ovarian cancer, the cells located in or around your ovaries begin to develop abnormally, which can lead to the formation of tumors.
Ovarian cancer can affect one or both of your ovaries, and many types can affect women of all ages.
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These included:
- Epithelial Ovarian Cancer – This is the most common type. He is responsible for nine out of ten cases. It develops in the cells that line your ovaries, but can also affect the cells in the fallopian tubes that connect your ovaries to the uterus.
- Non-Epithelial Ovarian Cancer – This type of ovarian cancer is much less prevalent and affects the cells of your ovaries that produce eggs. Typically, this type will affect younger women.
What are the signs and symptoms of ovarian cancer?
Many symptoms of ovarian cancer are difficult to recognize because they resemble conditions such as irritable bowel syndrome (IBS).
Others have mistakenly thought that swelling is a result of pregnancy.
Things to watch include:
- A swollen stomach
- Constant bloating sensation
- Need to urinate frequently
- Annoyance in the stomach or pelvic area
- Feel full quickly while eating
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How do you treat ovarian cancer?
The treatment of ovarian cancer depends on the type and extent of its spread.
Current treatments are:
- Surgery – This is done to remove cancer cells from the body. This can often involve the removal of both ovaries, fallopian tubes and the uterus.
- Chemotherapy – This is often done after surgery to kill all remaining cells, with the help of a drug. Sometimes it can be used as a method to reduce cancer before surgery.
If cancer is too prevalent throughout the body, the purpose of the treatment will be to help reduce the symptoms and to control the cancer as much as possible.
Is there a blood test for ovarian cancer?
If you have any of the symptoms of ovarian cancer, you should go see your GP.
Your doctor may ask you about your symptoms, feel bumps on your belly, do an internal exam or find out about your family's history of ovarian cancer.
They can also take a blood sample that is then sent for testing to determine the levels of a present substance called CA125.
A high rate of this substance, which is produced by some ovarian cancer cells, may be an indicator of ovarian cancer but may also indicate less severe factors such as fibroids or pregnancy.
If you have a high level, you may be asked to have an ultrasound to determine the cause.
Other tests can be done at the hospital, including a CT scan, an X-ray or a needle bioposy, where the cells are extracted from your ovaries.
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Who is most at risk for ovarian cancer?
A number of factors can increase your risk of ovarian cancer, including:
- Age – Women over 50 have a higher risk
- Family History – If ovarian or bad cancer is rampant in the family, you may have inherited genes that make you more at risk
- Weight – If you are overweight, you may be more likely
- Conditions – If you suffer from endometriosis, where tissues that behave like the lining of the uterus grow outside the uterine region, this can increase your chances. If you have had hormone replacement therapy (HRT), there is very little chance that it will increase your risk.
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