World Parkinson's Day: What are the symptoms of the disease and how can it be treated?



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Parkinson's disease is the world's second most common neurodegenerative disorder, behind Alzheimer's disease.

Parkinson's UK, experts believe that it is a new and innovative way of life, and believes that it is a combination of genetic and environmental factors that contribute to the survival of the brain.

On Thursday April 11th, World Parkinson's Day is being watched to raise awareness of the realities of living with the progressive disorder.


We'll tell you what's true. You can form your own view.

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So what are the symptoms of Parkinson's disease and how can it be treated? Here's everything you need to know.

What is Parkinson's disease?

Parkinson's disease is a degenerative neurological condition.

This means that the NHS explains.

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1/44 Junk food ads could be banned before watershed

Junk food adverts on TV and online could be banned before 9pm as part of Government plans to fight the "epidemic" of childhood obesity.
Plans for the new watershed have been put out for public consultation in a bid to fight the growing crisis, the Department of Health and Social Care (DHSC) said

PA

2/44 Breeding with neanderthals

We have been migrating from Africa around 70,000 years ago, humans bumped into the neanderthals of Eurasia. While humans were weak to the diseases of the new lands, the neanderthals made a better immune system

PA

3/44 Cancer breath test to be trialled in Britain

The breath biopsy device is designed to detect cancer hallmarks in molecules exhaled by patients

Getty

4/44 Average 10 year old has consumed the recommended amount of sugar for an adult

By their 10th birthdate, children have more than 18 years old. The average 10 year old consumes the equivalent to 13 sugar cubes, 8 more than is recommended

PA

5/44 Child health experts advising switching off screens

Whereas the Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health should be advised to avoid disrupting their sleep

Getty

6/44 Daily aspirin is unnecessary for older people in good health, study finds

A study published in the New England Journal of Medicine

Getty

7/44 Vaping could lead to cancer, US study finds

A study by the University of Minnesota's Masonic Cancer Center has found that carcinogenic chemicals formaldehyde, acrolein, and methylglyoxal are present in the saliva of E-cigarette users

Reuters

8/44 More children are obese and diabetic

There has been a 41% increase in children with type 2 diabetes since 2014, the National Pediatric Diabetes Audit has found. Obesity is a leading cause

Reuters

9/44 Most child antidepressants are ineffective and can lead to suicidal thoughts

The majority of antidepressants are ineffective and may be unsafe, for children and adolescents with major depression, experts have warned. In fact, it is the most commonly used comparison of drugs to date, which is only one of the most common causes of depression. Another popular drug, venlafaxine, has been shown to increase the risk of suicide.

Getty

10/44 Gay, bad and bibadual adults at higher risk of heart disease

Researchers at the Baptist Health South Florida Clinic in Miami focused on seven areas of control and health

iStock

11/44 Breakfast cereals targeted at children contain 'steadily high' sugar levels since 1992

A major pressure group has issued a fresh warning about perilously high amounts of sugar in breakfast cereals, specifically those designed for children, and has said that levels have been cut in the last two and a half decades

Getty

12/44 Potholes are making us fat, NHS watchdog warns

New guidance by the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE), the body which determines which treatment the NHS should fund, said lax road repairs and car-dominated streets were contributing to the obesity epidemic by preventing members of the public from keeping active

PA

13/44 New menopause drugs offer women relief from 'debilitating' hot flushes

A new clbad of treatments for men and women who are menopausal in menopause is able to reduce numbers of debilitating hot flushes in a matter of days, a trial has found.
NKB antagonists (blockers), who were developed as a treatment for schizophrenia have been "residing on a shelf unused," according to Professor Waljit Dhillo, a professor of endocrinology and metabolism.

REX

14/44 Doctors should prescribe more antidepressants for mental health problems

Research from Oxford University found that more than one million people suffer from mental health problems.

Getty

15/44 Student dies of flu after NHS A & E

The family of a teenager who has died in the world of A & E if they are worried about their symptoms. Melissa Whiteley, 18-year-old student from Hanford in Stoke-on-Trent, fell ill at Christmas and died in hospital later.

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16/44 Government to review thousands of harmful badl mesh implants

The Government has pleaded to review the dangerous badl mesh implants.

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17/44 Jeremy Hunt announces 'zero suicides ambition' for the NHS

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18/44 Human trials start with cancer treatment

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Wikimedia Commons / Nephron

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Mothers living within a fracking site were more likely to have asthma, ADHD, and other issues.

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Rex

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Most bad cancer patients do not die from their initial tumors, but from secondary malignant growths (metastases), where cancer cells are able to enter the blood and survive to invade new sites. Asparagine has a molecule named after asparagus where it has been shown to be highly variable, to be an essential ingredient for tumor cells to gain these migratory properties.

Getty

22/44 NHS nursing vacancies at record high with more than 34,000 roles advertised

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23/44 Cannabis extract could provide 'new clbad of treatment' for psychosis

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24/44 Over 75,000 sign petition calling for Richard Branson's Virgin Care

Mr Branson's company sued the NHS last year after it's lost on an £ 82m contract to provide children's health services across Surrey, citing concerns over "serious flaws" in the way the contract was awarded

PA

25/44 More than 700 fewer nurses training in England in first year after NHS bursary scrapped

The numbers of people accepted to study in England fell 3 percent in 2017, while the numbers were accepted in Wales and Scotland, where the bursaries were kept, increased 8.4 percent and 8 percent respectively.

Getty

26/44 Landmark study links Tory austerity to 120,000 deaths

The paper found that there were 45,000 more deaths in the first year of Tory-led efficiencies than would have been expected if funding had stayed at pre-election levels.

On this trajectory, it could be estimated that 200,000 more people were killed by the end of 2020, even with the exception of this market.

Reuters

27/44 Long commutes carry health risks

Hours of commuting may be mind-numbingly dull, but new research shows that it may also be having an adverse effect on both your health and performance at work. Longer commutes also appear to have a significant impact on mental wellbeing

Shutterstock

28/44 You can not be fit and fat

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Getty

29/44 Sleep deprivation

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Shutterstock

30/44 Exercise clbades offering 45 minute naps launch

David Lloyd Gyms have been introduced to the world for the first time. The group was spurred to launch the 'napercise' clbad after research revealed 86 per cent of parents said they were fatigued. The clbad is predominantly aimed at parents but you actually do not have children

Getty

31/44 'Fundamental right to health' to be axed after Brexit, lawyers warn

Tobacco and alcohol companies may be more likely to be caught in the United States of America.

Getty

32/44 'Thousands dying' due to fear over non-existent statin side-effects

A major new study in the side effects of cholesterol-lowering medicine suggests common symptoms such as muscle pain and weakness are not caused by the drugs themselves.

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33/44 Babies born to fathers under 25 have higher risk of autism

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Getty

34/44 Cycling to work 'could risk cancer and heart disease'

Commuters who swap their car or bus for a bike could cut their risk of developing heart disease and cancer, almost always think of it.

Cycling to work is linked to a lower risk of developing cancer by 45 percent and cardiovascular disease by 46 percent, according to a study of a quarter of a million people.

The University of Glasgow's researchers, but not to the same degree as cycling.

Getty

35/44 Playing Tetris in hospital after a traumatic incident could prevent PTSD

Scientists conducted the research on the car crash victims as they were waiting for treatment at a hospital accident and emergency department. They asked half of the patients for a brief recitation of the clbadic computer game, the others were given a written activity to complete. The researchers, from Karolinska Institute in Sweden and the University of Oxford, found that patients who had played Tetris reported less intrusive memories

Rex

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Getty

37/44 Common method of cooking rice can leave traces of arsenic in food, scientists warn

Millions of people are putting themselves at risk by cooking their rice incorrectly, scientists have warned.
Recent experiments show a common method of cooking rice – simply boiling it in a pan until the water has steamed out – can expose those who eat it to traces of the poison arsenic, which contaminates rice while it is growing as a result of industrial toxins pesticides

Getty

38/44 Contraceptive gel that creates 'reversible vasectomy' shown to be effective in monkeys

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Vasalgel is injected into the vas deferens, the small duct between the testicles and the urethra. 100 per cent of designs

Vasalgel

39/44 Shift work and heavy lifting may reduce women's fertility, study finds

Women who work at night or do not know what to do when they are sick, a new study has found.
Shift and night workers had less eggs, able to develop healthy embryos than those who work regular daytime hours, according to researchers at Harvard University

Getty

40/44 Japanese government tells people to stop overworking

The Japanese government has announced measures to limit the amount of overtime employees.

A fifth of Japan 's workforce is at risk of death by overwork, known as karoshi, as they work more than 80 hours of overtime each month, according to a government survey.

Getty

41/44 High blood pressure may protect over 80s from dementia

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Getty

42/44 'Universal cancer vaccine' breakthrough asked by experts

Scientists have taken a "very positive step" towards creating a universal vaccine against cancer that makes the body's immune system attack as well as they have a virus, experts said. Writing in Nature, an international team of researchers described how they had taken parts of cancer's genetic RNA code, put them into tiny nanoparticles of fat and then injected the mixture into the bloodstreams of three patients in the advanced stages of the disease. The patients' immune systems responding by producing "killer" T-cells designed to attack cancer. The vaccine was developed by Ugur Sahin from Johannes Gutenberg University in Germany

Rex

43/44 Research shows that diabetes drug can be used to stop first signs of Parkinson's

Scientists in a new study show that the first signs of Parkinson's can be stopped. The UCL study is still in its research period but the team is 'excited'. Today's Parkinson's drugs manage the symptoms of the disease but ultimately do not stop its progress in the brain.

PA

44/44 Drinking alcohol could reduce the risk of diabetes

A new study shows that drinking alcohol can reduce the risk of diabetes. Wine is found to be most effective in reducing the risk of chemical compounds that balance blood sugar levels.

Getty


1/44 Junk food ads could be banned before watershed

Junk food adverts on TV and online could be banned before 9pm as part of Government plans to fight the "epidemic" of childhood obesity.
Plans for the new watershed have been put out for public consultation in a bid to fight the growing crisis, the Department of Health and Social Care (DHSC) said

PA

2/44 Breeding with neanderthals

We have been migrating from Africa around 70,000 years ago, humans bumped into the neanderthals of Eurasia. While humans were weak to the diseases of the new lands, the neanderthals made a better immune system

PA

3/44 Cancer breath test to be trialled in Britain

The breath biopsy device is designed to detect cancer hallmarks in molecules exhaled by patients

Getty

4/44 Average 10 year old has consumed the recommended amount of sugar for an adult

By their 10th birthdate, children have more than 18 years old. The average 10 year old consumes the equivalent to 13 sugar cubes, 8 more than is recommended

PA


5/44 Child health experts advising switching off screens

Whereas the Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health should be advised to avoid disrupting their sleep

Getty

6/44 Daily aspirin is unnecessary for older people in good health, study finds

A study published in the New England Journal of Medicine

Getty

7/44 Vaping could lead to cancer, US study finds

A study by the University of Minnesota's Masonic Cancer Center has found that carcinogenic chemicals formaldehyde, acrolein, and methylglyoxal are present in the saliva of E-cigarette users

Reuters

8/44 More children are obese and diabetic

There has been a 41% increase in children with type 2 diabetes since 2014, the National Pediatric Diabetes Audit has found. Obesity is a leading cause

Reuters


9/44 Most child antidepressants are ineffective and can lead to suicidal thoughts

The majority of antidepressants are ineffective and may be unsafe, for children and adolescents with major depression, experts have warned. In fact, it is the most commonly used comparison of drugs to date, which is only one of the most common causes of depression. Another popular drug, venlafaxine, has been shown to increase the risk of suicide.

Getty

10/44 Gay, bad and bibadual adults at higher risk of heart disease

Researchers at the Baptist Health South Florida Clinic in Miami focused on seven areas of control and health

iStock

11/44 Breakfast cereals targeted at children contain 'steadily high' sugar levels since 1992

A major pressure group has issued a fresh warning about perilously high amounts of sugar in breakfast cereals, specifically those designed for children, and has said that levels have been cut in the last two and a half decades

Getty

12/44 Potholes are making us fat, NHS watchdog warns

New guidance by the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE), the body which determines which treatment the NHS should fund, said lax road repairs and car-dominated streets were contributing to the obesity epidemic by preventing members of the public from keeping active

PA


13/44 New menopause drugs offer women relief from 'debilitating' hot flushes

A new clbad of treatments for men and women who are menopausal in menopause is able to reduce numbers of debilitating hot flushes in a matter of days, a trial has found.
NKB antagonists (blockers), who were developed as a treatment for schizophrenia have been "residing on a shelf unused," according to Professor Waljit Dhillo, a professor of endocrinology and metabolism.

REX

14/44 Doctors should prescribe more antidepressants for mental health problems

Research from Oxford University found that more than one million people suffer from mental health problems.

Getty

15/44 Student dies of flu after NHS A & E

The family of a teenager who has died in the world of A & E if they are worried about their symptoms. Melissa Whiteley, 18-year-old student from Hanford in Stoke-on-Trent, fell ill at Christmas and died in hospital later.

Just Giving

16/44 Government to review thousands of harmful badl mesh implants

The Government has pleaded to review the dangerous badl mesh implants.

Getty


17/44 Jeremy Hunt announces 'zero suicides ambition' for the NHS

The NHS will be asked to go further to prevent the deaths of patients in its care as part of a "zero suicide ambition" being launched today.

Getty

18/44 Human trials start with cancer treatment

Human trials have begun with a new cancer therapy that can be used to eradicate the tumor. The treatment, which works similarly to a vaccine, is a combination of two existing drugs, of which small amounts are injected into the solid bulk of a tumor.

Wikimedia Commons / Nephron

19/44 Babies' health suffers from being born near fracking sites, finds major study

Mothers living within a fracking site were more likely to have asthma, ADHD, and other issues.

Getty

20/44 NHS review thousands of cervical cancer smear tests after women wrongly given all-clear

Thousands of cervical cancer screening results are under review after failing at a laboratory of some women were incorrectly given the all-clear. A number of women has been told to contact their physicians following the identification of "procedural issues" in the service provided by Pathology First Laboratory.

Rex


21/44 Potential key to halting bad cancer 's spread discovered by scientists

Most bad cancer patients do not die from their initial tumors, but from secondary malignant growths (metastases), where cancer cells are able to enter the blood and survive to invade new sites. Asparagine has a molecule named after asparagus where it has been shown to be highly variable, to be an essential ingredient for tumor cells to gain these migratory properties.

Getty

22/44 NHS nursing vacancies at record high with more than 34,000 roles advertised

A record number of nursing and midwifery positions are currently being advertised by the NHS, with more than 34,000 positions currently vacant, according to the latest data. Demand for nurses was 19 percent higher between July and September 2017 than the same period two years ago.

REX

23/44 Cannabis extract could provide 'new clbad of treatment' for psychosis

CBD has a broadly-acting effect on delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), the active ingredient in paranoia and anxiety.

Getty

24/44 Over 75,000 sign petition calling for Richard Branson's Virgin Care

Mr Branson's company sued the NHS last year after it's lost on an £ 82m contract to provide children's health services across Surrey, citing concerns over "serious flaws" in the way the contract was awarded

PA


25/44 More than 700 fewer nurses training in England in first year after NHS bursary scrapped

The numbers of people accepted to study in England fell 3 percent in 2017, while the numbers were accepted in Wales and Scotland, where the bursaries were kept, increased 8.4 percent and 8 percent respectively.

Getty

26/44 Landmark study links Tory austerity to 120,000 deaths

The paper found that there were 45,000 more deaths in the first year of Tory-led efficiencies than would have been expected if funding had stayed at pre-election levels.

On this trajectory, it could be estimated that 200,000 more people were killed by the end of 2020, even with the exception of this market.

Reuters

27/44 Long commutes carry health risks

Hours of commuting may be mind-numbingly dull, but new research shows that it may also be having an adverse effect on both your health and performance at work. Longer commutes also appear to have a significant impact on mental wellbeing

Shutterstock

28/44 You can not be fit and fat

It is not possible to be overweight and healthy, a major new study has concluded. The study of 3.5 million Britons found that even "metabolically healthy" obese people are still at a higher risk of heart disease than normal

Getty


29/44 Sleep deprivation

When you feel particularly exhausted, it can definitely feel like you are also lacking in brain capacity. Now, a new study has suggested that chronic sleep deprivation can actually cause the brain to eat itself

Shutterstock

30/44 Exercise clbades offering 45 minute naps launch

David Lloyd Gyms have been introduced to the world for the first time. The group was spurred to launch the 'napercise' clbad after research revealed 86 per cent of parents said they were fatigued. The clbad is predominantly aimed at parents but you actually do not have children

Getty

31/44 'Fundamental right to health' to be axed after Brexit, lawyers warn

Tobacco and alcohol companies may be more likely to be caught in the United States of America.

Getty

32/44 'Thousands dying' due to fear over non-existent statin side-effects

A major new study in the side effects of cholesterol-lowering medicine suggests common symptoms such as muscle pain and weakness are not caused by the drugs themselves.

Getty


33/44 Babies born to fathers under 25 have higher risk of autism

New research has found that they are born to fathers under the age of 25 or are at higher risk of developing autism and other social disorders. The study, conducted by the Seaver Autism Center for Research and Treatment at Mount Sinai, found that these children are actually more advanced than their peers as infants, but then fall behind by the time they hit their teenage years.

Getty

34/44 Cycling to work 'could risk cancer and heart disease'

Commuters who swap their car or bus for a bike could cut their risk of developing heart disease and cancer, almost always think of it.

Cycling to work is linked to a lower risk of developing cancer by 45 percent and cardiovascular disease by 46 percent, according to a study of a quarter of a million people.

The University of Glasgow's researchers, but not to the same degree as cycling.

Getty

35/44 Playing Tetris in hospital after a traumatic incident could prevent PTSD

Scientists conducted the research on the car crash victims as they were waiting for treatment at a hospital accident and emergency department. They asked half of the patients for a brief recitation of the clbadic computer game, the others were given a written activity to complete. The researchers, from Karolinska Institute in Sweden and the University of Oxford, found that patients who had played Tetris reported less intrusive memories

Rex

36/44 Vaping backed as healthier nicotine alternative to cigarettes after latest study

Vaping has been given an emphatic thumbs up by health experts after the first long-term study of its effects in ex-smokers.
After six months, people who have been switched to having had fewer toxins and cancer-causing substances in their bodies than continual smokers, scientists found

Getty


37/44 Common method of cooking rice can leave traces of arsenic in food, scientists warn

Millions of people are putting themselves at risk by cooking their rice incorrectly, scientists have warned.
Recent experiments show a common method of cooking rice – simply boiling it in a pan until the water has steamed out – can expose those who eat it to traces of the poison arsenic, which contaminates rice while it is growing as a result of industrial toxins pesticides

Getty

38/44 Contraceptive gel that creates 'reversible vasectomy' shown to be effective in monkeys

An injectable contraceptive gel that acts as a reversible vasectomy is a step closer to being offered to men following successful trials on monkeys.
Vasalgel is injected into the vas deferens, the small duct between the testicles and the urethra. 100 per cent of designs

Vasalgel

39/44 Shift work and heavy lifting may reduce women's fertility, study finds

Women who work at night or do not know what to do when they are sick, a new study has found.
Shift and night workers had less eggs, able to develop healthy embryos than those who work regular daytime hours, according to researchers at Harvard University

Getty

40/44 Japanese government tells people to stop overworking

The Japanese government has announced measures to limit the amount of overtime employees can do – in an attempt to stop people literally working themselves to death.

A fifth of Japan’s workforce are at risk of death by overwork, known as karoshi, as they work more than 80 hours of overtime each month, according to a government survey.

Getty


41/44 High blood pressure may protect over 80s from dementia

It is well known that high blood pressure is a risk factor for dementia, so the results of a new study from the University of California, Irvine, are quite surprising. The researchers found that people who developed high blood pressure between the ages of 80-89 are less likely to develop Alzheimer’s disease (the most common form of dementia) over the next three years than people of the same age with normal blood pressure.

Getty

42/44 'Universal cancer vaccine’ breakthrough claimed by experts

Scientists have taken a “very positive step” towards creating a universal vaccine against cancer that makes the body’s immune system attack tumours as if they were a virus, experts have said. Writing in Nature, an international team of researchers described how they had taken pieces of cancer’s genetic RNA code, put them into tiny nanoparticles of fat and then injected the mixture into the bloodstreams of three patients in the advanced stages of the disease. The patients' immune systems responded by producing "killer" T-cells designed to attack cancer. The vaccine was also found to be effective in fighting “aggressively growing” tumours in mice, according to researchers, who were led by Professor Ugur Sahin from Johannes Gutenberg University in Germany

Rex

43/44 Research shows that diabetes drug can be used to stop first signs of Parkinson’s

Scientists in a new study show that the first signs of Parkinson’s can be stopped. The UCL study is still in its research period but the team are ‘excited’. Today’s Parkinson’s drugs manage the symptoms of the disease but ultimately do not stop its progression in the brain.

PA

44/44 Drinking alcohol could reduce risk of diabetes

A new study shows that drinking alcohol three to four days a week could reduce the risk of diabetes. Wine was found to be most effective in reducing the risk due to the chemical compounds that balance blood sugar levels.

Getty

A person living with Parkinson's disease doesn't have enough of the chemical dopamine in their brain, the Parkinson's Foundation states.

Dopamine is responsible for transmitting signals between nerve cells in the brain.

When an individual experiences a loss of nerve cells in the brain, this causes a reduction in the quantity of dopamine in the brain.

What are the symptoms?

The main symptoms of Parkinson's disease include involuntary shaking (otherwise known as tremors), movement that's slower than usual and stiffness in the muscles, the NHS outlines.

Other symptoms may include difficulty balancing, nerve pain, incontinence, insomnia, excessive sweating, depression and anxiety.

For more information about the symptoms of Parkinson's disease, visit the NHS here.

How many people does it affect?

Around 145,000 people in the UK are affected by Parkinson's disease, Parkinson's UK explains.

This means that around one in every 350 adults is living with the degenerative condition.

According to the NHS, symptoms of Parkinson's usually develop after the age of 50.

However, for every one in 20 people affected by the disease, symptoms may appear when they're under the age of 40.

The Parkinson's Foundation outlines that men are 1.5 more likely than women to be affected by the condition.

High-profile individuals to have been diagnosed with Parkinson's include former US president George H. W. Bush, Back to the Future star Michael J. Fox and boxing legend Muhammad Ali.

How can it be treated?

While there is no known cure for Parkinson's disease, symptoms may be controlled through treatment.

The most common form of treatment used for the condition is medication, Parkinson's UK states.

"Drug treatments aim to increase the level of dopamine that reaches the brain and stimulate the parts of the brain where dopamine works," the charity explains.

The medication used to treat Parkinson's disease varies according to each patient.

This is because as symptoms of the disorder progress, the drugs used to treat the condition may need to be changed.


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While drug treatment may help to manage Parkinson's symptoms, it cannot slow the progression of the disease.

The NHS explains that those living with Parkinson's disease may also undergo physiotherapy, occupational therapy, and, in rare cases, brain surgery to treat the condition.

For more information about Parkinson's disease, visit Parkinson's UK.

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