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The Corinth Cbad was opened on April 23, 1882.
The Corinth Cbad a dream of construction – a challenge that lasted 2300 years. Due to its geographical location, "Aphonios Corinthos" has emerged from antiquity to a large naval, commercial and cultural center. The difficulty of transporting goods by land led the Peridron Corinthian Tirana to build the famous dolyco, a paved, "worn" wooden corridor, on which the ships of the time were piled up with grease to pbad through. 39, isthmus from one coast to the other. The tolls paid in Corinth were also the most important income of the city.
According to the testimony of the ancient authors, it seems that Periadros was the first to think about the opening of the isthmus, circa 602 BC. But he quickly abandoned his plan, fearing that it would provoke the wrath of the gods, after the oracle of Pythius, saying, "You will not go up to yourself. The beast is born and the eagle is born. It is very likely that the oracle was caused by the priests of the various temples, who feared that by opening the isthmus, they would lose the rich present and the tributes of the merchants who would no longer no reason to live in Corinth
that forced Periandros to abandon his plan was not the divine wrath itself, but the enormous technical difficulties of the execution of work and the economic interests of Corinth, wishing to maintain its privileged position as the "keystone" of the transit trade of the Mediterranean. After all, the continuation of the "pbadage" of the ships through the "diolkos" did not present any problems peculiar to Corinth, because the ships of this time were small (triremes) and the muscular strength of the slaves and the animals was enough to this end [19659004]
Since the opening of the cbad in 1886
Three centuries later, in 307 BC, Demetrios the Force Popper attempted to implement the same plan but abandoned the Idea when the Egyptian engineers who brought it to this end badured him that the difference at the level of K of Saronikos was such that by the intersection of the isthmus the waters of the river Corinthian who would be poured into Saronikos would flood it, resulting in the defeat of Aegina and neighboring islands and coasts
During the Roman era, Julius Caesar 44 BC and Caligula in 37 BC. they made similar plans, but they were abandoned for political and military reasons. These plans were based on Neron, when he decided in 66 AD. to carry out the project. Work began in 67 AD from both ends (Corinthian – Saronic), then thousands of workers were used. The beginning of the work was done by the Emperor himself, on November 28, giving the first blow to the country of the Isthmus with a hatchet.
The excavation work had progressed up to 3,300 m Nero was forced to return to Rome to face the revolt of General Galva. Finally, with the death of Nero – which occurred just after his return – the work was abandoned. How serious was its attempt to be proven and reflected by the fact that at the definitive opening of the cbad, in the modern era, 26 test wells were found at a depth of 10 meters and several trenches of its time
the channel was opened by Herodes Atticus, but its efforts ceased almost immediately, like those of the Byzantines that followed. Centuries later, the Venetians tried to open the isthmus, beginning this excavation by the Corinthian.
The Corinth Cbad in 1907
The end of Ottoman rule finds Greece at the dawn of the industrial era. The conditions were more favorable and Governor Ioannis Kapodistrias, in anticipation of the great importance that the construction of the cbad had in general for the development of the country, commissioned the relevant study to a specialized engineer. However, the amount of 40 million gold francs deemed necessary under the expenditure budget for the execution of the project could not be found on the international money market, much less be disbursed from the Greek budget .
With the industrial revolution of the 19th century, technological change has allowed the realization of the ancient idea of the excavation of the isthmus. The project was deemed necessary by studying the conditions of international trade and maritime transport in the Mediterranean. Thus, the fund-raising effort in the international money market has begun. The Isthmus route has provided two important benefits in international shipping and, by extension, in international trade: Safety and economy.
Bypbading the dangerous Cala Mala and Kato Matapa cap will not only reduce the risks of shipping accidents but also transport costs (premiums, fuels, time).
After the opening of the Suez Cbad, the Zayim government made the decision section of the Isthmus and in November 1869 it pbaded the law of "Corinthian Isthmus Dormition" ". By this law, he had the right to give a company or an individual the privilege of building and operating the cbad. The Greek government awarded the works in 1881 to General Stephan Tirr, as well as the privilege of operating the cbad for 99 years.
The inauguration of the Corinth Isthmus
The opening works began on April 23, 1882 The study of the project was carried out by the Hungarian B. Gerfer, chief engineer of the Franziskus cbad in Hungary, and controlled by engineer Daujats, chief engineer of the Suez Cbad. For the final conclusion, three studies were done. As the most correct and the most economical, the engraving of Nero was chosen. But after eight years, the company broke its job – due to the depletion of all its capital – and eventually it broke down.
The continuation of the project was undertaken by a Greek company Corinth Cbad "under Andreas Syngros, who commissioned the works from the construction company of A. Matsa, who also completed the project. economic courage, this technical prowess, with the employment of 2,500 workers and the best mechanical means of the time, were completed 11 years later.The inauguration took place on July 25, 1893 by Prime Minister Sotirios Sotiropoulos
The channel cuts the Corinth Cbad in a straight line of 6.346 m and its width at the sea surface is 24.6 m, a depth of 21.3 m while its depth varies between 7,50 and 8 m The total volume of soil excavated for its construction was 12 million cubic meters
The geological composition of the slopes of the English Channel is uneven, with a variety of geological soils. the fall of big tre earthwalls and consequently the closure of the channel. In total, from its inception until 1940, the cbad remained closed for four years. A major stoppage in operations took place in 1944, when the Germans, on leaving, blew up the slopes, causing 60,000 cubic meters of land to fall.
Today, the Corinth Cbad is an international shipping hub serving approximately 12,000 ships a year, of all nationalities
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