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For many years, from science fiction to scientific research, humans have considered the possibility of immigrating to Mars, many Martian colonial concepts are "terralateral", which directly transforms Mars into a second Earth. Non-additional life support system. But now, a new paper shows that humans want to "Geo" Mars with existing technology, and it's a fantasy that they can walk without space suits, without oxygen masks, and with green spaces .
The author of the article is Bruce Jakosky, a global scientist from the US Space Agency, and Christopher Edwards, a global scientist from the University of North America. Arizona, published in the journal Nature-Astronomy.
First, for Mars to have liquid water and a thick atmosphere, it is necessary to first increase the surface temperature and the pressure of Mars, for example by using greenhouse gases. Although the atmospheric pressure of Mars is less than 1% of the Earth (the average surface pressure of the Martian surface is 6 kPa and the Earth is 1013 kPa). ), the liquid water evaporates or freezes immediately.
Therefore, we must release greenhouse gases stored in rocks and ice caps in the atmosphere. Bruce Jakosky and Christopher Edwards have used data from various Mars probes over the last 20 years to count carbon dioxide reserves and have quickly discovered the difficulty: there is too little carbon dioxide (carbon dioxide that the human technology can dig). However, a new badysis shows that evaporated carbon dioxide from the ice cap is enough to increase Mars pressure by a factor of 1, plus other sources of zero, and also increases Mars' atmospheric pressure. A factor of three. – are always less than 2% of the terrestrial atmospheric pressure.
Then, after calculating the release of carbon dioxide, the researchers found that the temperature of Mars was below 10 ° C, but the average temperature of Mars was minus 60 ° C and even in winter, the dioxide carbon would condense. Surface ice.
(Source: NASA)
SpaceX CEO Elon Musk Advocates Direct Detonation of Carbon Dioxide Tanks with Nuclear Bombs, But Geoscientist Michael Mann of the University of Toronto State of Pennsylvania interrogates and detonates nuclear bombs. Bringing a lot of dust particles to block most of the sunlight makes it more likely to make Mars cool instead of warmer. Bruce Jakosky and Christopher Edwards responded to Space.com, saying that maybe some viable alternatives will be found in the future, but with current technology, the idea of releasing carbon dioxide from Mars does not can only end in failure.
It has been proposed to introduce other gases such as chlorofluorocarbons and fluorine-based compounds, but these gases have a short shelf life and require large-scale manufacturing techniques, Scientific research has not seriously considered this method. Carbonaceous minerals buried deep in the Martian crust can release enough carbon dioxide to bring Mars to the atmospheric pressure conducive to the survival of terrestrial organisms, but the extent of these deposits is still unknown and the use of the prior art requires a lot of energy. Or there is a fanciful idea of generating volatile gases by guiding comets and asteroids to strike Mars, but the researchers still have to spread their hands after the calculation, which probably requires thousands of small objects to reach the camera. Martian environment. Real.
Overall, all results show that today's human technology can not make Mars global, and even in the future, said Bruce Jakosky, the best way is to work harder to protect the planet.
(The first image shows scientists comparing early and present Martian environmental imaginary maps, source: NASA)
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