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Text: Nancy Atkinson
Looking to the future: tasks and results worthy of attention
Near the search Jupiter: Juno
Launched: August 2011
Arrival : July 2016
End of mission: February 2018 (extended until July 2021)
Jupiter is the largest mbad planet of our solar system, it also has a variety of satellites, and a huge field magnetic, this one is unique The world is like a mini solar system. Scientists have said that knowing Jupiter and understanding how it is formed can help solve many problems, not only on this giant planet, but also how the entire solar system converges.
A new Jupiter mission began in July 2016, when the Juno spacecraft arrived. The Juno gradually breaks through the mystery of this giant planet by adopting a rare innovation track, with a set of seven scientific instruments, exploring the origin of Jupiter, its internal structure, its atmosphere and its magnetosphere. In addition, he has a camera called JunoCam, which will be used by students and the general public to take pictures of the gas star, including the first polar image of Jupiter.
"Juneau has combined a number of innovative science and mission design concepts," said Juno program director Rick of the Jet Propulsion Laboratory. Rick Nybakken said, "It's the most elegant and elegant design of the tasks I've been involved in."
Nibakken said that he only felt good when he was not in charge. he read the mission plan. Breathtaking. From an unprecedented approach to Jupiter's study of the innovative use of solar panels, this ever-evolving spacecraft carries a loaded instrument payload and uses unprecedented techniques to study the gas giant.
The Juno engineer's design allowed to use solar panels: before the Juno, there was never a spaceship as far from the sun, using solar panels. When the Juno is in orbit around Jupiter, the solar panels always face the sun and never enter behind the planet. The design of the Juno Trail has not only made this historic solar mission a reality, but it has also established the unique scientific path of the Juno.
"The orbit of the Juno is elliptical, bringing it to the inner edge of the Jupiter Belt and between the planets, and is only 5000 kilometers above the cloud." Nibakken says: "We can say that Jupiter is unprecedented, and there have never been other missions to carry out their scientific missions so close to Jupiter, we can say that we are just above Jupiter. "
Why is it so close to a planet known for its radiation? "In order to achieve the revolutionary scientific measurement of the Juno, we must operate closer to Jupiter than any previous mission," said Nibakken. "Despite the risks of operating in unfamiliar areas, we spent a lot of time thinking about it, what are the risks and how to minimize them."
Juneau will take 14 Earth Days to surround Jupiter for a week, and the mission planners have designed the orbit to minimize the amount of radiation that the spacecraft can withstand.At least in the early days of the mission.More, most of the electronic components of the craft space are housed in a special compartment made of titanium.
"The use of a radiating chamber to protect our electronic components greatly reduces the need for a new design, and in general it is necessary to operate under the environment of violent radiation of Jupiter. "Nibakken said:" Compared The slight overhaul has allowed to release more funds to invest in the strong scientific load Juno, and I think the Juno is a masterpiece of science that incorporates many innovative concepts and merges to form a scientific breakthrough. However, it is also a very consistent task. "
Special instruments are devoted to the study of Jupiter's radial and magnetic layers, internal structures and turbulent atmosphere, while providing spectacular images to present the image of the planet.
"The Juno is indeed a task that takes information as a driving force," Steve Levin said that he is a Juneo project scientist and that he is also member of the Jet Propulsion Laboratory. "The driving force is that we can do it and get the information in time."
Juneau can only travel around Jupiter for 20 months (about 37 laps), because the Radiation environment will end up The spaceship could not work. "Jupiter caused a lot of problems to be nice with the instrument," says Levin, "but that's the price of measurement according to our expectations. "
Levin expected that most of the inform on Jupiter Overall value of the abundance of water. This information is still unresolved if you stayed at Jupiter's Galileo spacecraft from 1995 to 2003, based on only one other Jupiter mission. This task produced many new discoveries, but it also left some points unanswered. This mission included a detector that fell into the atmosphere of Saturn.
"The detector can hardly find the slightest trace of moisture," said Levin, "and it's a mystery waiting to be resolved because knowing how much water Jupiter A is the key to understanding how the planet is formed.The detector is pointing to a place where there is no water, so the Juno will not only measure one or more places, but he will also use a microwave instrument capable of measuring all the atmospheric water content.
Other instruments will also study magnetic fields, planetary interiors, and more. He looks forward to seeing things that have never been seen before: the two poles of Jupiter
"It would be nice to know what the two poles look like," he said. "and I am very excited, we can use the visible light camera to make such a result. Instruments belonging to the people, we will ask for help from people, choose where to look for and publish the images as quickly as possible. "The mission images can be obtained from this site.
The mission is scheduled to end in February 2018 (Editor's Note: On June 7, 2018, NASA announced that Juno's main scientific task will be extended until the end of June. in July 2021), when Juno will be out of the orbit.Enjoin Jupiter to avoid accidental contamination of Europa, as we believe that the moon of Jupiter may be in a suitable environment.As well as the Cbadini mission , the implementation of the controlled derailment is a requirement of the Guidelines for the Protection of the Aerospace Planet.
Next Mars Mission: Mars Biological Exploration Project (EXOMARS)
Launched: March 2016
Arrival in March: October 2016
Mars Biology Exploration Project (ExoMars) 2016 The annual mission is a collaborative mission between the European Space Agency and the Russian Russian Aeronautics (Rosco smos), with a project to send a pair of spacecraft built in Europe
to study Mars: the Mars Trace Gas Orbiter (Trace Gas Orbiter)) and the Schiaparelli Lander ( Schiaparelli), the LG section is an entry, drop and landing gear module. The orbiter is responsible for scanning traces of gaseous methane, methane is a possible sign of life and may represent only the non-biogeological history that is now unfolding on Mars. The telescopes built on Earth and on the Curiosity Rover have detected mysterious components of methane, and the mission is expected to provide more information on why Mars appears to have generated such rapidly decomposing gases. The orbiter will also study the environment of Mars, search for traces of water and study the surface of the planet.
Photo Credit: Lianjing Publishing provides
The LG is a test of large payloads on Mars, it is also intended to collect samples from a drill and test other properties for future missions of the lorry. European Space Agency.
Originally, this mission was daring, led by the European Space Agency and the General Administration of Aeronautics and Astronautics, and the United States then withdrew their plan in 2012 from the budget.
The current project is to continue this mission in 2018, using a lander built by the Russian Aerospace (Mars Biology Exploration Project 2018 ground platform) to transport the Mars Biology Rover built by the l & # 39; European Space Agency (ExoMars) Rover) to study the surface of Mars.
New generation space observatory: James. Weber Space Telescope
Launch: October 2018 (redirected around May 2020)
Mission Period: 5 to 10 years
Location: 1.5 million kilometers from Earth
The Weber Space Telescope is the public The next-generation telescope that has attracted attention and has been long awaited. The space telescope is expected to be launched in October 2018 (Editor's note: due to project overruns, etc., extended until May 2020), was also hailed as the successor of the Hubble Space Telescope. With this telescope, astronomers are eager to revisit the era when the universe was only 200 million years old and saw the first stars and galaxies.
The Webb Space Telescope is a large infrared telescope with a 6.5-meter gold-plated main mirror (gold is an excellent material for reflecting infrared rays and the Hubble Space Telescope mirror is plated with aluminum). It is an international mission whose telescope should be carried by the No. 5 Aryan rocket and launched since the French Gayana. The Webb Space Telescope will be the first observatory of the next decade, serving thousands of astronomers around the world. He will study each historical stage of our universe, from the radiation of the first blooms after the Great Era, to the solar system that can sustain life on planets like the Earth, and even the evolution of our solar system. The Webb Space Telescope will become a general purpose observatory, which means that astronomers can use it to study "news items" that come out at any time,
and this is very similar to Huber . In fact, astronomers can request the use of the Weber Space Telescope and, from this point of view, they operate in the same way as Haber.
Photo credit: United Publishing Co., Ltd.
Weber should be located 1.5 million kilometers from the Earth, called the second Lagrange Point (L2), which is above the Moon, and the gravity of the Earth, Moon and Sun There was a stable squatting position there. However, that means that Weber is not as capable of repairing as Haber. The Webb Space Telescope took about a month to reach its orbit, and in about six months, it should be fully operational.
Several innovative technologies have been developed for the Weber Space Telescope, including an 18-fold folding set that has been unfolded and adjusted to form the primary mirror, and a tennis court size. The five-layer sun visor is used to isolate and block excessive lighting, as well as four instruments to detect very weak distant signals – including cameras and spectrometers.
The Weber Space Telescope let everyone wait a long time. It was first proposed in the early 1990s and was originally approved in 1996. Like Haber, it also causes delays and overruns due to problems with the construction of components and special systems. The planned launch date is delayed from 2007 to 2011 and 2013, and the launch is expected to be confirmed in 2018. The lenses were fully badembled in early 2016. The total construction cost of the Weber Space Telescope has increased from approximately 1 billion originally estimated at about $ 8 billion.
Because it is not a Hubble type optical telescope, the images produced by the Webb telescope will be a little different. However, everyone has high expectations for the problems related to the universe that this telescope can tell us.
Revisit March: March 2020 Detector Mission
Estimated Start and Finish Date: 2020
This mission is based on the highly coveted Curiosity Rover that landed on Mars in 2012. It follows the same Curiosity chbadis, but the scientific instruments are new and the research objectives are redesigned. Originally, the mission was intended to work with the European Space Agency and incorporate the Biology Exploration Program of Mars.Today, the Aerospace Department has decided to withdraw and to go alone on Mars (although there is still a transnational participation from Spain, France and Norway). According to the Mars 2020 mission plan, it is necessary to identify and select a lot of rock and soil samples and store them, when they can, they will be returned to earth by future missions to look for signs of past life. Explorers can use the resources on Mars to "live on Earth". These include understanding the risks posed by Martian dust, checking carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and treating various technologies that generate oxygen for fuel production. It is expected that the Rover will install several new cameras, improved equipment and new instruments to perform geological badessments of probe landing points, determine the potential livability of the environment and directly search for signs of ancient Martian life.
Photo Credit: The publication of the publication
March 2020 probe car mission science system engineer Sarah. Sarah Milkovich said that one of the goals of this mission preparation work is to make the car's probe easy to use. "We have a very ambitious goal for this sensor," she said, "so we want to automate the automation process, let the sensor make more decisions and let the operational team focus on the only way for humans. " Decision taken. "
Related Notes ▶" NASA 9 Space Mission ": A Brief History of the Solar System from Vesta and Ceres
Introduction to the Book
This article is an excerpt from" NASA 9 Space Mission: One L ". The most realistic exploration of the universe, the publication of the magazine
* through the above link to buy books, "Key Review Network" will be given to the protection alliance of the 39, ;childhood.
Author: Nancy Atkinson (Nancy Atkinson)
Translator: Cai Chengzhi
"NASA 9 great space mission: explore the most authentic overview of the record of the universe" will lead the reader to track the 35 NASA Scientists and Engineers, completing nine space missions, including:
- New Horizons to Take You to the Pluto Secret
- followed by Curiosity to Travel Mars
- Across the Hubble Space Telescope to See the Depths of the universe
- flying over Twilight of two worlds
- Kepler mission launches the action of hunting stars
- Unveils the secret of Cbadini – Huygens of Saturn
- Observatory of dynamics solar 24 hours look at the sun
- Martian reconnaissance orbiter alone for more than 10 years
- Lunar recognition orbiter sweeps the moon for a zero blind spot
Nancy Atkinson is a professional journalist specializing in space technology and ambbadador for the JPL solar system of the US Space Agency. She visited a number of scientists and engineers to reveal the stories and discoveries behind the various space missions, and to share their thoughts, with beautiful spatial images and diagrams to help explain. The drive is like a spaceship with experts to complete the task and deepen the knowledge of the solar system.
The scientific discovery and the cosmic landscape revealed in "NASA 9 Space Mission" is incredible. Combining the exciting journey of discovery, readers can deeply understand the true spirit of exploration and discovery:
What we try to detect the space? Looking back at the first years of deliberation, when Magellan, Da Gama, even Pisias and others were leaving on a trip, many people probably thought that they were risking their lives and spending so much money for discover what was out of the horizon. It's just stupid. However, the group of explorers did not find what they were waiting for, but their explorations turned their heads and changed the world. In the same way, robotic space missions and telescopes, as well as ground-based telescopes, helped us to explore distant places, and contributed to so many unknowns – and unexpectedly – to the discovery of questions. related to the cosmos.
Part of the cause that drives us to explore and discover is intangible: broaden our horizons, satisfy our curiosity, find all the things we can not anticipate, and try to answer the deep questions we talked about earlier : How to create it? How is life done? Are we alone?
Exploration also has substantial benefits, such as the development and advancement of science, medicine, communications, transportation, and other technologies. Exploring the spirit motivates us to create inventions, so that we can devote ourselves to exploration and eventually change the world. Now we still do not know clearly, if humans can really go on Mars, Europa or far, we will find something, but if we only stay in our "cradle" of the earth, then we will never know.
Photo Credit: Lianjing Publishing
Responsible editor: Pan Bohan
Manuscript Editor Nuclear: Weng Shihang
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