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Scientists have succeeded in creating "mini-placentas" that can pave the way for early pregnancy and help transform our understanding of reproductive disorders such as unwanted births and miscarriages.
Many pregnancies fail because the embryo does not install properly. the lining of the uterus (uterus) and fails to form a placental attachment to the mother.
However, because of the complexity of studying this early period of our development, we very poorly understand what is going on normally and what can go wrong.
Animals are too different from humans to offer a good model of placental development. and implantation.
"The placenta is absolutely essential to support the baby's growth inside the mother," said Margherita Turco, of Cambridge University in the UK.
"When it does not work properly, it can lead to serious problems, from pre-eclampsia to miscarriage, with immediate consequences for the mother and child throughout life. this important body is very limited because of the lack of valid experimental models, "said Turco.
Organoids, often called "mini-organs", provide a better understanding of biology and human diseases.
At the University of Cambridge, scientists use organoid cultures to grow everything from "mini-brain" to "mini-liver".
The team was able to grow organoids using villous cells – tiny structures resembling fronds – extracted from placental tissues.
These trophoblastic organoids are able to survive in the long term. , are genetically stable and organize into villous structures that secrete proteins and essential hormones that would affect the mother's metabolism during pregnancy.
Further badysis shows that organoids are very similar to normal placentas in the first trimester. In fact, organoids model so closely the beginning of the placenta that they are able to record a positive response on an over-the-counter pregnancy test.
"These" mini-placentas "are based on decades of research and we believe that they Graham Burton, of Cambridge.
" They will play an important role in helping us investigate the events that occurred during the early stages of pregnancy while having profound consequences for the health of children throughout their lives. The mother and her offspring, "said Burton.
" The placenta provides all the oxygen and nutrients essential for the growth of the fetus, and if it does not grow properly, the pregnancy may unfortunately end with a low birth weight baby or even a stillborn child. "He said.
In addition, organoids can elucidate other mysteries surrounding the relationships between the placenta, the uterus and the fetus.
Organoids can also be used to verify safety drugs used in early pregnancy, to understand how chromosomal abnormalities can disrupt normal development and possibly even provide stem cell therapies for unsuccessful pregnancies.
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