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Why was the government of the nation-state necessary?
Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu called for the bill to adopt the concept that "Israel is the nation-state of the Jewish people" as a basic law. has a quasi-constitutional status. The prime minister also asked the Palestinian Authority to recognize this aspect of Israel's character as a condition of a future peace agreement with Israel.
The new law, adopted by the Knesset early Thursday morning, also aims to change the application of the Basic Law on Human Dignity and Liberty in court decisions and allow judges to give priority to the character Jewish Israel in their decisions. . The coalition government attempted to adopt a more radical version of the nation-state bill, which would have resulted in more significant changes.
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Before the text of the bill was softened, the bill would have given paramount status to the country's Jewish national values and subordinated its democratic values to them. In addition, the original version included a provision that would have allowed for the creation of exclusively Jewish communities, but which has been significantly modulated. In May, another controversial provision that would have required courts to refer to the traditional Jewish religious law, the halakha, on issues that the current law does not address, was dropped.
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Eventually, the law pbades a set of declarations regarding the law. the country's commitment to its citizens and Jews in the diaspora, regarding the status of Israeli Arabs and with regard to the symbols of the state. The words "democracy" and "equality" do not appear at all in the law.
How did we manage until now without the law?
The law of the nation-state is primarily a symbolic measure intended to enshrine national values in a fundamental law. Most of its provisions were already in the law and were reformulated in the new law from the current legislation. The appearance of the Israeli flag, the national anthem "Hatikva" and the symbol of the state were already the subject of a law of 1949. The provision declaring Jerusalem as the capital of Israel has been integrally incorporated into the Basic Law on Jerusalem, the capital of Israel. And the section on court reference to Jewish religious law, which was finally dropped, is already in the law on the foundations of the legal system.
How Will the Law Affect the Life of Israelis?
There is nothing in the nation-state law that has been enacted that involves provisions that are subject to practical application, so its impact will now be on the Israeli government and the policies that it has. it adopts in the spirit of the law. The new legislation could support a series of controversial government decisions.
For example, at the request of the ultra-Orthodox parties, the law of the nation-state calls on the state to maintain ties with Jews in the diaspora but does not mention a similar commitment in Israel , so that the government could escape the realization of plans for the pluralistic Jewish prayer zone at the Wailing Wall.
Another possibility is that the new law could revive the campaign to stimulate the Jewish population of the Negev and Galilee by establishing Jewish communities, on the basis of the provision of the law of the State- nation that Jewish settlement as a national value and will work to encourage and advance its establishment and consolidation. "
Could the law prevent Arab Israelis from living in Jewish places?
The version that would have allowed the establishment of exclusively Jewish communities was removed from the final legislation. Deputy Attorney General Raz Nizri said this week that the final version would not prevent Arabs from buying houses or living in communities planned for Jews, but he noted that the bill final provides for a provision to encourage communities to build a clearly Jewish character.
"It will not be possible to create a city and designate it as a" Jewish city, "said Nizri," but if public buildings are built, they will be for synagogues and not for mosques. This does not mean that an Israeli Arab will be banned from buying a house in the new city. "
In practice, how will the status of the Arabic language be affected?
In practice, the law of the nation state provides that there will be no change in the current status of Arabic. Therefore, the requirement to display signs including Arabic will subsist and government documents will continue to be published in Arabic. The law states that Hebrew is the "language of the state" and confers a "special status" inferior to Arabic, and also states that regulations on its use in the institutions of the country are "lawful". State will be provided for in subsequent legislation.
Members of the Knesset, majority members of the Arab Common List, said the final version of the law is detrimental to their efforts to strengthen the status of the Arab and advance legislation that requires broadcasts television and movies are subtitled in Arabic.
How does the provision of the nation-state law stating that Jerusalem is the capital of Israel affect the city?
The clause states that "whole and united Jerusalem is the capital of Israel". do not change the status of the city or its neighborhoods or how the ministry of education or the municipality of Jerusalem relate to Arab neighborhoods.
Could the law damage Israel's international reputation?
The international community and the Jews of the diaspora have put great pressure on Israel to ensure that it does not pbad the original version of the bill. with American and Jewish Jewish communities in other countries. Attorney General Avichai Mendelblit felt that Israel's position could be harmed and the final version was considerably weakened at its request.
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