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Cwengile C Dweba,1 Oliver T Zishiri,1 Mohamed E El Zowalaty2
1Discipline of Genetics, Faculty of Life Sciences, Faculty of Agricultural Science and Technology, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa; 2Microbiology and Virology Research Group, School of Health Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
Abstract: Staphylococcus aureus is an opportunistic pathogen in humans and other mammals that is of increasing clinical and veterinary importance because of its ability to rapidly develop antimicrobial resistance. The imprudent use of antibiotics has led to the emergence of antibiotic resistance. S. aureus strains, the most important resistant to methicillin Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). The emergence of MRSA badociated with livestock (LA-MRSA) has highlighted the importance of prevention-oriented research, as well as the need to discover and develop a more effective treatment than currently available. In addition, the treatment of MRSA is complicated by the joint selection of genes for resistance to heavy metals and antibiotics by microorganisms. Livestock and animal production systems are large reservoirs of heavy metals due to their use in animal feed as well as environmental contaminants, which has allowed the selection of LA-MRSA isolates resistant to heavy metals. The World Health Organization reported that Africa had the largest gaps in antimicrobial resistance prevalence data, with no reported rates for MRSA rates. -LA resistant to heavy metals in South Africa. This review aimed to report on the emergence of LA-MRSA in South Africa, specifically the most common type of ST398 sequence in the world. In addition, we wanted to highlight the importance of SARMo in clinical and food safety, as well as this research deficit in South Africa. This review highlights the prevalence of heavy metals in farms and slaughterhouses and focuses on the co-selection of genes for resistance to heavy metals and antibiotics in MRSA, highlighting the importance of targeted research on humans, animals and animals. as well as the environment using the one-health approach.
Keywords: Staphylococcus aureus, methicillin resistance, livestock, MRSA, in humans, antimicrobial resistance, antibiotics, resistance, virulence, heavy metals, MRSA-LA, a health problem
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