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Genetics of RNA and nanoparticles for a universal vaccine that exploits the immune system's response to viral infections and "redirects" it to fight tumors. The study, which marks a step forward towards a universal cancer vaccine, is being led by the Ugur Sahin team of the Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz (Germany) and is described online in " Nature". Research shows that the vaccine induces "strong" anti-cancer immune responses in tumor animal models (rats) and in three patients with advanced melanoma. And "represents a step forward towards a universal vaccine for cancer immunotherapy", says "Nature". Sahin and colleagues examined the immune system cells, called dendritic cells, in mice using an intravenously administered vaccine consisting of RNA-lipoplessi nanoparticles (RNa surrounded by a lipid membrane, similar to a cell membrane). (Continue reading after the photo)
By discovering that by adjusting the regulation of the electric charge of the nanoparticles and making it slightly negative, this is enough to effectively redirect the dendritic cells. Lipopolysts protect the RNA from "metabolizing" the body and promote its uptake into dendritic cells and macrophages of the spleen, lymph nodes and bone marrow, where RNA is then translated into cancer-specific antigen. The authors demonstrate that this mechanism triggers a strong T-cell response and induces a potent (IFNalpha-dependent) rejection of progressive tumors in several rodents affected by the disease. (Continue reading after photo)
In the preliminary results of a phase I trial of the vaccine, scientists show that three melanoma patients treated with a low dose of the product experienced a strong T-cell antigen-specific response and Ifnalfa. Well, the researchers conclude that since virtually any protein-based antigen can be encoded by RNA, the nanoparticulate vaccine "can potentially qualify as a universal vaccine for cancer immunotherapy". (Continue reading after photo)
Experts have successfully tested the vaccine on mice with various types of cancer. Subsequently, they repeated the tests on the first three patients, all with advanced melanoma. The same type of tumor was targeted last year by researchers from the University of Washington in St. Louis, in collaboration with the University of Oklahoma, who had tested the first custom vaccine (built on the basis of specific genetic mutations of the tumor). in each patient) on three patients. Regarding the latter, the researchers say that the immune response was effective against the tumor that remained "clinically and radiologically stable".
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