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The risks that threaten humanity in 2019 can be summarized as follows:
1. Nuclear War:
The nuclear explosion is the deadliest weapon of the moment and it can cause a death rate of 80 to 95% around the explosion, which extends over a radius of four kilometers, besides the high number destruction caused by the explosion can be multiplied by six.
But the nuclear explosion scenario does not worry the immediate and consequent deaths, but what is called "nuclear winter" occurs when the clouds and fumes emitted by the explosion darken the planet and block the sun , bringing down temperatures for years.
In the case of about 4,000 nuclear weapons, possibly a clash between the United States and Russia, an unpredictable number of casualties will die and temperatures will drop eight degrees Celsius from normal, Between four and five years, and humans will be unable to cultivate, which means widespread chaos and violence.
The United States and Russia each own 7,000 nuclear warheads, while the United Kingdom, France, China, India, Pakistan, North Korea and Israel possess nuclear weapons.
The fact that hundreds of nuclear weapons are ready to be launched in a few minutes is worrying, especially with the possibility of accidental accident or misunderstanding in the context of a nuclear war. The Russian authorities have withdrawn several times in the 1960s, while the Russian president himself refused in 1995 to launch nuclear weapons. In response to what was subsequently confirmed as a false warning.
2. Biological war:
Unlike nuclear weapons that require complex engineering capabilities, biological and chemical weapons can be developed at low cost and using accessible materials.
In recent years, the Syrian government has used chemical weapons during the civil war that ravaged the country, including the use of cirrhane and chlorine gas, causing consternation of the international community and reducing to nothing the possibility that chemical weapons damage chemical weapons. Cause significant damage to the target, especially if deployed by air or sea.
But biological weapons remain an even more catastrophic threat: advances in processed biological agents have increased the likelihood that malignant agents can make and use pathogens or neutral researchers and, by mistake, release an insect carrying a biological infection. deadly. The world will be more fragile.
3 – catastrophic climate change:
The United Nations Ulema Council (UU) released a report confirming that the world had only 12 years to control temperatures at moderate temperatures. Predictions of the impact of climate change vary with global warming; the scenarios are generally negative. Increases between degrees to three degrees Celsius.
At best, tropical cyclones will occur more frequently and more violently. Moderate forecasts include the loss of the majority of agricultural land in the world, as well as most of the freshwater resources, while major coastal cities such as New York and Mumbai will sink under water. The humanity to an end.
Although current carbon reduction commitments are being implemented, it is estimated that one-third will raise world temperatures by three degrees Celsius, causing the sinking of most of Florida and Bangladesh.
4. Collapse of the environment:
Ecosystems are specific communities including organisms such as humans and animals that interact with non-living elements of the surrounding environment such as air and water. Ecosystems can overcome some effects of human behavior such as high temperatures, the loss of natural habitat of some organisms, But there is a climax that can not adapt to these systems and, according to the report, the world is about to reach this point.
Lake Chad in West Africa can be an example of the collapse of the environment: six years of drought, coupled with overconsumption of lake water, have contributed to the effects of climate change by reducing water levels. water 90%, Of the 40 million people from Chad, Nigeria, Niger and Cameroon, who formerly depended on the lake.
5. Epidemiology:
Two epidemics in the world, which killed 15% of the world's population in a few decades, appeared in the 5th and 14th centuries respectively, but there is a risk that a new infectious disease will cause a new epidemic invasion, from increased housing rates in cities and the permanent movement of the world population.
Fortunately, the chances of spreading a deadly disease internationally are limited, although they occurred a century ago when the Spanish flu had killed more than 50 million people. The spread of SARS and Ebola in recent years is an alarm signal.
Antibiotics, the main line of defense against disease, lose their effectiveness once certain bacteria have developed their ability to resist them. Antibiotics are responsible for nearly 700,000 deaths a year and if not, they could reach 10 million by 2050.
6. Effect of the asteroid:
Astronomers believe that an asteroid large enough to cause an international catastrophe could touch the Earth every 120,000 years and that it is very likely that such a collision is at the origin of the extinction of the dinosaurs. Scientists predict that this collision will generate mbades that will isolate sunlight from the earth for months and cause a famine that will claim hundreds of millions of lives.
NASA announced in 2011 that it has detected and identified more than 90% of space objects over one kilometer in diameter and announced that it would not touch the ground in the near future. However, only limited information was available on smaller objects. This will probably not cause disaster if it hits the ground, but would have an impact that would harm economic and social systems.
7. giant volcanic eruption:
Scientists believe that a huge volcanic eruption occurred 74,000 years ago and resulted in the release of large amounts of lava into the atmosphere, forcing the Earth to cool down by lowering the temperature. several degrees Celsius. Some experts have thus caused the great wave of extinction that has resulted in the disappearance of the number of animal and plant species and pushing them to the brink of extinction.
Can it be repeated that day? It is difficult to judge with insufficient information about the abysses of a comparison, but available information suggests that a huge volcanic eruption occurs on average every 17,000 years. If this is true, the next explosion is too late. The vast region was recorded 26,500 years ago in New Zealand.
There is no way to predict a volcanic eruption for a few months or weeks, and there are not enough ways to control and reduce the explosion, but scientists are monitoring several danger zones, including the Yellow Rock region of the United States. .
8 – Engineering of solar geology:
There is a dramatic option that allows you to stop or even reverse the temperature rise, but it carries a big risk.
Solar geophysics can be used to reflect light and heat from the planet to space through the air propellant molecules that will be injected into the stratosphere, the second layer of the Earth's atmosphere. Until now, this technology has been applied only with the help of computer models, but the first practical experience will be initiated by researchers from Harvard University.
Solar geology is one of two modern technology schools, both able to manipulate weather conditions and reduce the risks of climate change. The other school, which removes carbon dioxide emissions directly from the atmosphere, has only begun to apply this technology on a limited scale.
If the geoengineering technique is followed, the results will cover the atmosphere as a whole and will constitute humanity's biggest attempt to cope with the risks of climate change. Although this is the only known technology that can reduce global warming, much remains to be done, including whether it has a negative impact on local ecosystems in a country. other and globally. A technical intervention at this level without a complete knowledge of the consequences can be catastrophic for the human race. If this technology is considered cheap, if it should not cost more than $ 10 billion a year, it can be run by one country or a rich person if it is implemented without waste.
Artificial intelligence:
Artificial intelligence is one of the fastest growing areas in recent times. All scientists surveyed estimated that there was an average of 50% chance that artificial intelligence will perform most or even more human tasks by 2050, with at least 5% chance to surpbad the artificial intelligence is absolutely human after only two years from here 2052.
There is a common misconception that advances in artificial intelligence risk discrediting its units with malicious and perverse behaviors similar to those of science fiction movies. But the real concern related to the development of artificial intelligence is that these units work more than they think. The report states: "If you ask a smart car to take you to the airport as quickly as possible, it can fully execute the order that is intended for it, you will go to the airport and you will be pursued by the police and in case of great fatigue due to excessive speed.That is not what you want, but what you have asked literally. "
The risks badociated with artificial intelligence are more alarming if you think that weapons are in the hands of the wrong person or that a race to acquire artificial intelligence results to a war dominated by artificial intelligence systems.
10. Unknown risks:
It was not long before the time when most people did not know about climate change or nuclear weapons. Today, however, these emerging risks have observable consequences and are worrying as to their evolution towards levels of inequality. Therefore, it is possible that humanity has not yet understood the threats it can destroy.
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