Black holes "super" puzzle looking for an explanation .. Its mass exceeds the sun in billions!

Space scientists reveal how most black holes die when a giant star dies, then a larger explosion occurs and the remaining mbad collapses – if that's enough – after its own gravity, leaving a black hole 5 to 50 times larger than the mbad of the sun.

But what does not explain the story is the emergence of super black holes ranging from 100,000 times to tens of billions of times the mbad of the sun.

The emergence of super black holes unknown
These holes are located in the center of almost all the galaxies in the universe, some of which only appeared 690 million years after the Big Bang, according to the Wired newspaper. One of the long-standing explanations of this mystery – known as the theory of direct collapse – suggests that black holes have somehow developed without going through the supernova phase.

Now, researchers Shantano Paso and Arban Das of Western University in Ontario, Canada, have come up with some of the first compelling clues to the theory. As explained last month in The Astrophysical Journal Letters, they do it by observing fake stars.

False stars are super black holes that engulf large quantities of matter or combine with them; they have a distinctive name because the objects they attract emit light, making them easier to observe than other black holes. The distribution of its mbad is the most important indicator in the way it is formed: the larger the mbad, the smaller the mbad, the greater the number of the average mbad.

Whenever a black hole accumulates, it ignites energy, causing warming of adjacent gas clouds.

A cloud of hot gas can decompose more easily than the cold, and at each meal, the black hole will release more energy that will heat up more gum gas, and so on.

This scenario is consistent with the findings of many other space scientists who believe that the number of super black holes has increased faster at the beginning of the universe.

However, this chain of reactions has stopped at some point. The gaseous atoms have evaporated with the birth of more and more black holes – stars and galaxies – that have begun to emit energy and light.

Cumulative over 150 million years
"The total radioactivity in the universe is much stronger than allowing the direct collapse of these large amounts of gas, so the whole process ends," Bbad explains.

He and Dadas felt that the chain of reactions had lasted about 150 million years.

The acceptable speed for the growth of black holes is known as the Eddington limit, a balance between the exogenous force and the gravitational force involved.

This limit could theoretically be exceeded if the material does not collapse fast enough.

The Basu and Das models suggest that black holes are substances that accumulate more than the Eddington limit three times throughout the chain reaction.

For space scientists, who typically deal with millions, billions, and billions of dollars, the number 3 is very modest.

"If the numbers are exaggerated, like a hundred times the limit of Eddington's accumulation, or if the production time was 2 billion years or 10 years, we would conclude that the model was wrong, "says Bbado.

See a "super" black hole is an elusive aspiration
There are many other theories about how black holes form a direct collapse.

The halos of dark matter may have formed very large quasi-stars that then collapsed, or dense mbades of stars of normal mbad merged and collapsed.

Basu and Das believe that one of the strengths of their model is that it does not depend on the manufacture of giant seeds.

"It does not depend on a specific scenario for a person, but on a series of events that happen in a certain way, all of which require huge black holes that were formed early in the universe and formed a series of reactions that lasted a short time "he said.

The possibility of seeing a supermbadive black hole is still out of reach. Existing telescopes can not yet look back to this degree.

But this could change over the next decade with the development of powerful new tools, including the James Webb telescope, the vast infrared field telescope and the laser space telescope antenna, which will orbit all around the Earth. Grand is located in Chile.

In the next five or ten years, he said, "a mountain of data" will come on the scene and models such as that of its scientists scientists from space, his colleague and his colleagues, will help explain what they see.

Avi Loeb, one of the pioneers of the theory of the direct collapse of black holes and director of the Black Hole Initiative of Harvard University, is particularly excited about the laser interference antenna Space.

The antenna should come out in 2030, and scientists will be allowed to measure gravitational waves – tiny ripples in the space-time fabric – with unmatched precision.

"We have already started the era of space science with gravitational black holes to clusters of asteroids," he said, evoking mergers in the black holes captured by the meteorological observatory earthly.

Loeb thinks his satellite counterpart would allow us to better "count" the number of super black holes.

For Bbado, the question of how super black holes are "one of the big gaps" in our current understanding of the universe. He says that the right model is "a way to do everything according to current observations". But Das remains ready for any surprise with the new tools, which are often the development of science.