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The researchers discovered an ancient diamond reservoir near the heart of the Earth, more than 410 km away, before they emerged due to a violent volcanic eruption.
According to researchers, diamond stocks have remained near the axis of the Earth for more than 4.5 billion years, before the formation of the moon, but have surfaced because of the fact. volcanic eruption in the Joina region of Brazil, according to the newspaper "The Independent".
A group of international scientists has measured helium isotopes, various atomic forms of helium, in diamonds discovered in search of a rocky area as old as Earth, according to a study published in the Science magazine. Near the axis and the heart of the earth.
The researchers said the diamonds were an "ideal time capsule" allowing them to better understand the period of turbulence that followed the formation of the planet, especially because it contained a fossilized liquid.
During this period, there was so much geological activity that there was nothing left of the original structure of the Earth.
However, despite all this change, it has long been suspected that there is an area of the "mantle" somewhere between the "crust" and the heart of the earth, which was relatively agitated and of which there was present) no trace.
However, early clues emerged in the 1980s when scientists noticed that some basaltic lavas from certain sites, such as the Brazilian site of Joina, contained a report of helium 3 isotopes on the planet. 39, helium 4 higher than normal.
What is particularly interesting, is that this report reflects the proportion of isotopes on the first meteorites that crashed on Earth, suggesting that the source of this lava is a deep region of the Earth that has not changed for billions of years.
"This trend has been observed in the basalt of Ocean Island, a lava emerged from the depths of the earth and forming islands like Hawaii and Iceland," said Susette Timmerman, team leader. of the Australian National University.
She added that the problem is that, despite the emergence of this basalt on the surface, "we see only a glimpse of its history.We do not know much about the coat from which this melted basalt comes."
To find out more, the researchers studied the proportions of helium isotopes in diamonds, which formed between 150 and 230 kilometers below the Earth's crust, knowing that these ancient diamonds are different from diamonds. natural.
"Diamonds are the hardest and most destructive natural material known, and therefore an ideal time capsule that allows us to penetrate the depths of the earth," said Timmerman. "We have extracted helium gas from 23 very old diamonds from the Joina region of Brazil, the isotopic feature that we expect from a very old underground region, confirming that the gases are remnants of the period preceding the collision between the Moon and the Earth. "
She explained that according to diamond geochemistry, it was recognized that she had formed in a transition zone between 410 and 660 kilometers below the surface of the Earth, which means that region, basalt and diamonds are formed after the beginning of the formation of the Earth, pointing out that there are still many questions about it. The area of the land, the nature of its formation, its chemical composition, etc.
SOURCE: News from the sky
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