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Chikungunia is a viral disease that is transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes, in particular Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus. The disease is prevalent in tropical countries of Africa, Asia, and America. Local diseases spread in 2010, 2014 and 2017 were recorded in France, 2007 and 2017 In Italy
Incubation period 1-12 days. (3-7 days on average). Chikungunia usually affects high temperatures, rashes, head, muscle and joint pains. Although complications are rare, myocarditis, hepatitis, neurological disorders, etc. can develop.
There is no vaccination against this infection!
People traveling to endemic countries or territories are advised to use anti-mosquito products, long pants and long-sleeved shirts, to rest in rooms equipped with air conditioning or nets. security, etc.
Travelers returning from areas where chikungunia is prevalent and where they feel discouraged should contact health professionals within two weeks.
Aedes albopictus mosquitoes in Europe
Chikungunia mosquitoes are transmitted by a viral disease.
The causal agent
Chikungunia virus is a thermosensitive RNA virus belonging to the family Togaviridae. First distinction in 1953 In Tanzania and Uganda. The main reservoir of the virus is the monkey.
How is he infected?
Aedes aegypti (albopictus) transmits the pathogen from a sick person to a human being. A person suffering from chikungunia acquires immunity against this disease.
Impact
Chikungunia fever is an endemic disease in African, South Asian and Indian countries. 1957-1974 diseases are described in African countries (South Africa, Uganda, Congo, Nigeria, Ghana, Zimbabwe). Serological tests of the population showed that the virus circulated in Senegal, Burkina Faso, the Central African Republic, Cameroon and Guinea Bissau.
The circulation of the virus has also been confirmed in Asian countries – Philippines, Malaysia, Cambodia, South India and Pakistan, Sri Lanka. 2005 The disease was discovered in the Comoros, then in Mauritius and Mayotte.
2006 In March, the disease spread to the French islands of Reunion. Imported cases were registered between tourists from France, Germany, Switzerland, Norway, France and Guyana. 2007 A registered household in Italy in June – August.
Symptoms
On average, the incubation period of the disease lasts from 4 to 8 days (ranging from 1 to 12 days).
Chikungunia is an acute infectious disease that starts with sudden fever, joints (knees, ankles, wrists, etc.), headaches, muscle aches, rashes (spots, nodules). Sometimes nausea, vomiting, bleeding from the nose and gums (especially in children), conjunctivitis. Some people may have a form of asymptomatic infection.
Most patients recover within a few weeks without consequences, but a small number of patients suffer from chronic joint pain that lasts for several years.
Sometimes serious complications of the disease develop: meningoencephalitis, cardiovascular insufficiency, gastrointestinal lesions.
Prevention
There is no vaccine.
People traveling to endemic countries should follow the following security measures:
Individual tools:
• Pregnant women and people with serious chronic illnesses should consult their GP before traveling to badess risk and receive advice on personal protective measures.
• Protective measures against mosquitoes (swimming with mosquito nets impregnated with insecticide, night impregnation of pyrethroid spirals, spraying insecticides in the dark spaces of the interior, use of anti-insect repellents -moustiques);
• It is not recommended for children under 3 months of age to use mosquito repellents. It is advisable to use beds with an insecticidal dressing.
Community Tools:
• reduce the number of mosquito breeding sites (remove open containers with stagnant water at home and in the environment);
• kill mosquitoes in affected areas by spraying insecticides;
• If you come back from a trip and have a fever for 1 to 12 days, after joints, muscles, headaches, bleeding, etc., you should see a doctor immediately and inform your doctor. doctor of your previous trip.
More information on mosquito protection can be found on the websites of the European Center for Disease Prevention and Control and the World Health Organization.
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