Lung cancer screening

The most common cause of cancer deaths

Oncología.mx / Pulmón.mx .- Lung cancer is the third most common cancer in the world. Being the most common cause of cancer deaths, it contributes significantly to the premature loss of productive lives in industrialized countries. Of the proven risk factors for lung cancer development, smoking is the largest, accounting for more than 80% of newly diagnosed cases.

Dr. Carla Sánchez Ríos, oncologic pneumology

Several factors are determinant for the prognosis of this disease, among which the most relevant are the age of the patient and the clinical stage at the time of diagnosis, as well as the functional status and the presence of molecular alterations in the tumor, which will ultimately determine the treatment. . Until now, it has never been shown that the detection of lung cancer by chest X-ray in subjects highly exposed to tobacco decreases mortality. The lack of efficacy of these studies was related to the low sensitivity of this imaging test to detect early stage lung cancer.

Dr. Jorge Arturo Alatorre Alexander, Medical Oncologist, ABC Medical Center, Santa Fe

Based on the premise that tomographic studies may be more sensitive for the diagnosis of early stage lung cancer, a low-dose computed tomography (DTP) was born. to patients less than a quarter of the radiation compared to conventional tomography to a thorax.

Since lung cancer mortality was still high over the last decade, clinical studies have been initiated for the early detection of high-risk TCBD since 2011, as is the case for the national screening study. lung cancer. United States (NLST). After the first publication of the results of this study, which suggested that the use of TCBD as a screening method for lung cancer was associated with a 20% reduction in mortality from this disease, this tool was introduced in 39 study, however, the high percentage of false positive results (patients in good health that the study mistakenly assessed as being ill) and the fact that they were performed only in the United States have limited generalization of results for the indiscriminate use of this recommendation in the early diagnosis of the disease.

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It is known that the difficulty of defining with certainty which subjects formed the high-risk group has also limited the generalization of the results of studies relating to the early diagnosis of this disease. Until recently, we were awaiting the results of the NELSON study which, unlike previous studies, showed a decrease in lung cancer mortality by performing a low-dose tomography.

At present, the final conclusions of the NELSON study, presented at the plenary session of the recent World Conference on Lung Cancer (WCLC) in Toronto, demonstrate that the use of TDCB in Asymptomatic men at high risk the development of lung cancer resulted in a 26% reduction in the number of deaths from this disease at 10 years of follow-up, but it is even more relevant to note that in the women's group , cancer mortality rate The lungs showed an even greater reduction than men (39-61%).

These results show that the annual TCBD is currently the most effective way of assessing people at high risk for lung cancer (50-75 years old, who smoke more than 15 cigarettes a day for at least 15 years or who smoke more than 10 cigarettes a day for 20 years) impacting early detection and potential treatment of lung cancer.

Finally, it is important to remember that the issue of early detection of lung cancer should be raised in the early detection of lung cancer program in the at-risk population and that the person should be offered a support to stop smoking. Quitting smoking habits increases the chances of healing and improves the living conditions of patients.

We share this article, along with others of great interest, which you can find in the Magazine. Oncology.mx, Which is currently in circulation in print and digital form. Check the complete edition in:

https://issuu.com/grupo-mundodehoy/docs/oncologia_noviembre_2018

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