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One-third of clinically healthy children, adolescents, and young adults in the metropolitan area of Mexico City, show the systemic deficit of smell and the high risk of developing neurodegenerative diseases [19659004] associated with contamination, indicates a survey conducted by Lilian Calderón, specialist in neuropathology and neurotoxicology, and researcher of the University of the Valley of Mexico and the University of Montana.
The neuropathologist explained that residents of the area The metropolitan area of Mexico City is exposed year-round to concentrations of fine particles (PM2.5) and ozone ( O3) higher than the National Environmental Quality Standards of the United States (NAAQS). English), which causes severe damage to critical cells of the central nervous system . notes that damage to the olfactory bulb in Mexico City residents are early, progressive, present Alzheimer's and alterations of the alpha protein synuclein (which plays a very important role in Parkinson's disease)
One of the important discoveries is that the endothelial cells of the olfactory bulb are extremely damaged, since they are the first input of the associated particles to combustion processes, which, in addition to iron, contain other elements – including metals – that produce oxidative stress, which first affects the olfactory bulb and, consequently, the Olfactory response.
The olfactory bulb has connections with the limbic system the amygdala and the hippocampus, so it is a complex organ that puts us in contact with multiple brain functions, [19659002] therefore, the alteration of this and the olfactory system in general, affects in an important way for the subjects to communicate properly.
Calderón Garcidueñas stated that the direct contact between the olfactory neurons, the olfactory bulb and the brain makes the inflammatory response of the bulb necessary when it comes into contact with particles containing endotoxins and metals, resulting in alterations of cell groups and communication with the rest of the brain
The systemic inflammatory response of urban dwellers is equally important, since the prolongation of inflammation requires the Organism to set up an anti-inflammatory response with immunosuppressive results long-term which affects the brain, the olfactory system and the rest of the body. The end result is the increased risk of developing neurodegenerative diseases and cancer.
"Because of these findings, the research reiterates that air pollution is a factor The researcher has stated that it is known that the pathology of neurodegenerative diseases is generally associated with advanced ages, however, in the environment of high exposures to air pollutants, neuropathological markers of the diseases of Alzheimer's and Parkinson begin in pediatric age.
] He explained that 179 autopsies were selected for investigation with sudden death causes that n & # 39; 39, did not involve the brain and that subjects from zero to 40 years were clinically healthy before his sudden death.
"Interest for the University of the Valley of Mexico is to focus on the search for neurodegenerative diseases as soon as the first ones stages in order to prevent and protect people, hence the relevance of this research, "said the UVM specialist.
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