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The study used surveillance data from 30 European countries (EU and EEA) at the 2015 horizon, and researchers looked at 16 different combinations of bacteria and antibiotic resistance. This includes bacteria that are considered common causes of infections in the hospital and that are immediately resistant to groups of antibiotics considered essential to human medicine.
"The heaviest burden of disease is calculated for the southern countries of Europe, while Norway and the other Nordic countries are the best out," said Petter Elstrøm, of the Institute of Public Health of Norway, which participated in the study.
The disease that clogs resistant bacteria has increased over the past eight years and has been one of the most serious among infections caused by Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli resistant. 75% of the disease burden can be associated with hospitalized infections and 39% of obese Gram-negative bacteria resistant to the last-line antibiotics, such as carbapenem and colistin. This leads to the fact that there remains little or no effective antibiotics that can be used against infections caused by these bacteria.
In total, it has been estimated that around 1 900 people in Norway contract an annual infection with the resistant bacteria included in the study. This results in approximately 69 additional deaths due to the resistance of the bacteria to antibiotics. Elstrøm points out that the study's calculations are good with the good monitoring data we have in Norway.
– One of the resistant bacteria for which we have good surveillance data in Norway is meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). In the study, it is estimated that 17 out of 25 people receive MRSA blood infections. In the Norwegian Infectious Disease Surveillance System (MSIS), 11 people with these MRSA infections have been registered. Since the cause of the infections is not always identified, I would like to say that the results of the study correspond to the surveillance data we have in Norway, for both MRSA infections and other infections. resistant bacteria reported to the MSIS, explains Elstrøm.
For the first time, the disease burden of antibiotic-resistant bacteria is also measured in the form of DALYs (years of life adjusted for management capacity). DALY is a target for the burden of illness that translates coughs of many years lost as a result of reduced health, functional ability and premature death. DALY is often used to compare the burden of various disease states or between different countries and different population groups. DALY can and can estimate the costs of the disease burden. These cost analyzes are done in a standard way to compare the costs associated with different states.
– The study calculates that the burden of resistant bacteria is approximately 1700 DALY in Norway. Converted into crowns and ears, the disease burden of their resistant bacteria results in an annual cost to society of around NOK 2 billion, "says Elstrøm.
The Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) used the results of this study to make more accurate calculations of the economic burden associated with resistant bacteria. This is published in a separate report from the OECD, Stemming the Superbug Tide, published on November 7 this year.
Although the burden of disease is high and growing in Europe, there is still room for flexibility to reverse development.
– The most important options we can do in Norway and around the world are the reduction of antibiotic consumption. In addition, we must ensure that good measures of contamination prevent the spread of resistant bacteria and contribute to the research and development of new types of antibiotics, said Elstrøm.
Attributable deaths and disability-adjusted life years caused by infections with antibiotic-resistant bacteria in the European Union and the European Economic Area in 2015: health assessment at the time of diagnosis. population scale (ECDC)
Infections associated with health services, use of antibiotics (NOIS), antimicrobial resistance (MSIS) and World Handwashing Day. Annual Report 2017. (Norwegian Institute of Public Health)
European Antibiotic Awareness Day (ECDC)
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