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With winter, the theme of smog comes back, which is also supposed to be a "merit" of dilapidated cars emitting exhaust gases of excessive toxicity. The police organize actions to catch the car. Drivers lose their registration certificates, tickets fall and … the next day is old. As a prescription for bad air, he has been promoting for some time electric vehicles. Even the government has announced electromobility plan providing for the introduction of a national battery car on the market. It turns out however that putting everything on the electronic car does not need to be improved …
– In the discussion on the ecological sources of driving vehicles, a number of factors must be taken into account, and the starting point is the destination of the car – says dziennik.pl prof. Marcin Ślęzak, director Institute of Motorized Transport. According to the researcher in urban driving, hybrid and electric vehicles will operate in the same way, but because of the presence of an internal combustion engine in the first case, the car will also use fuel, which will increase fuel consumption. operating costs. Nevertheless, the hybrid – from the point of view of utility – presents a definite advantage …
– Most electric vehicles available on the market do not guarantee such autonomy and functionality in urban driving hybrid vehicles – says Ślęzak. The expert observes at the same time that the fuel consumption of a hybrid vehicle, for example when driving on a highway, may be higher than that of a conventional car, due to the mass of the hybrid system.
"Dirty current"
Another problem concerns carbon dioxide emissions for both types of propulsion. In the case of Poland, whose energy is mainly based on coal, the ecology of the electric car turns out to be "covered with a black and dirty cloud".
– Hybrid vehicles emit more CO2 at the site of use. AT electric cars "zero", which is an illusion, however, because this emission is counted as a power station. I remind you that 80% In Poland, electricity comes from coal – said the director of ITS.
In the opinion of the expert, the carbon footprint, that is to say the total amount of greenhouse gas emissions directly induced in the production of ## 147 ## 39, an electric vehicle compared to the production and long-term operation of a car equipped with an internal combustion engine can be comparable and often presents the disadvantage of the first. – Especially when we consider additional emissions related to obtaining rare earth resources for the production of batteries. Because lithium, cobalt or neodymium must be extracted and processed. Not to mention the issue of battery disposal, which is complex and consumes energy – explains Ślęzak.
The cleanliness of electricity for electric cars in the Polish reality can illustrate the calculations of consulting firm A.T. Kearney. Its analysts say that producing 1 kWh of electricity from coal results in the emission of 650 g of CO2. And now, if an average electrician consumes 16 kWh of electricity over 100 km, more than 10 kg of carbon dioxide "emit" into the atmosphere. More than 100 g of CO2 per kilometer traveled – a similar problem concerns many petrol cars. A.T. Kearney even points out that in extreme cases, modern combustion engines may be more environmentally friendly than batteries. And it is also a higher value (more damaging to the environment) than in the case of a conventional hybrid drive.
Tired production
But the problem lies not only in the "carbon footprint" of electricity production for "the electrician". The Fraunhofer Institute of Building Physics calculated that it took twice as much energy to produce an electric car as for a conventional car. According to German scientists, the process of creating batteries for the BMW i3 electric is associated with the emission of three tons of CO2. A similar amount at a distance of 30 thousand km is produced by the average gasoline.
Few charging stations and charging times
Another problem is charging infrastructure. The network of chargers for electric vehicles is constantly expanding.
– We do not have as many stations for electric cars as for conventional vehicles. In addition, the charging time of the battery is disproportionate compared to refueling fuel-based oil – Iezz note from ITS.
And here, while conventional eco-friendly hybrids appear with the diesel-electric system – these cars do not require charging at the socket. Their batteries (with a capacity of 1 to 1.5 kWh) are much smaller than those of electric cars and they charge with recovery (braking, braking or downhill). Thus, the energy recovered later facilitates, for example, the departure under the lights or is used when driving at low speed in the city (driving in traffic) or when maneuvering in the parking lot.
Hydrogen fuel of the future
Thus, if, in the opinion of the scientists, electric cars are not as ecological as the companies describe it and that, in the Polish reality, hybrids can be considered as a better solution for the transition period, which will be the clean and innocent fuel of tomorrow?
– In the speech on the development of driving vehicles and their future, it should also pay attention to vehicles powered by fuel cells – hydrogen is an excellent source of energy for cars – indicates the ITS representative.
Why? In the opinion of the expert, the autonomy of the vehicle equipped with fuel cells is greater than the autonomy of the electric vehicle powered by batteries. Another benefit is "clean electricity".
As Ślęzak explains, hydrogen used as a fuel in fuel cells to convert chemical energy into electricity finds an ideal application in cars, the derivative of its oxidation being the vapor of fuel. water escaping from the exhaust system. Thus, hydrogen cars do not emit harmful substances into the atmosphere and their operation will help reduce environmental pollution.
– If we produce hydrogen with the help of renewable energy, we will also reduce the carbon footprint resulting from the use of the vehicle with fuel cells. In addition, the complete refueling process of a passenger car does not last more than a few minutes and its cost is comparable to the price of gasoline – the director of the Motor Transport Institute is d? agreement.
>>> Read also: CO2 emissions continue to increase and country reduction commitments are insufficient [RAPORT]
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