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Almost 580,000 After studying last year, Poles lived in a country other than the family country of the European Union. This is the largest of the 28 EU countries – according to a report on brain drain prepared for the European Committee of the Regions.
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As stated in the document presented in Brussels, intra-European mobility – understood as the flow of workers – only concerns a small percentage of Europeans, but in some parts of the Union it has led to brain drain.
In 2017, the population of the European Union was about 511 million citizens. All people of working age who moved – mainly to work – to another EU country (not only highly qualified), there were around 17 million, or around 3%. Two countries – Germany and the United Kingdom – attracted more than half of these people.
Of the 17 million Europeans who changed country of residence, one in four had higher education. The share of highly skilled migrant employees in 2014-17 was steadily increasing. In absolute numbers, the highest number of the best educated people in 2017 came from Poland (576300), Germany (472700) and Romania (467500) – this figure was calculated.
Those educated as targets most often chose cities located in the northern part of the Union – Sweden, Ireland, Estonia, Denmark – and in several parts of the United Kingdom. The regions of Italy proved to be the least attractive for these employees.
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The employment rates of highly educated migrants from 28 EU countries were, with a few exceptions, very high throughout the Union. The authors of the paper point out that, in some areas of the Union, the free movement of workers has led to a significant migration of educated people and, hence, a phenomenon of brain drain.
According to them, this is due to the growing competition for talent and the limited capacity of regions abandoned to create attractive conditions for these employees.
In areas affected by drainage, mobility exacerbates negative conditions in the labor market – high unemployment and low wages. Other "tension" factors include administrative barriers, recession and poor political climate.
The negative effects of the brain drain include, among other things, lack of employees, limited capacity to innovate and the adoption of more advanced technologies. The so-called. Brain drain also leads to fiscal consequences (reduced tax revenues), market (reduced consumption), limits economic growth and reduces productivity.
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However, the negative impact on the entire system is a "brain waste". This occurs when highly skilled employees emigrate to another region (in another EU country) without having sufficient knowledge of the need for manpower.
He ends up being unemployed or in a profession that does not require high skills.
As pointed out in the report, there are still obstacles to the mobility of the workforce in the EU, regardless of the free movement of workers. These barriers are common to all employees, regardless of their skill level. Among them, the language barrier is crucial.
Guaranteed by the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union, the free movement of workers is one of the four economic freedoms of the Community (including the free movement of goods, services and capital).
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