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Sunday (29), NASA, the space agency become synonymous with quality science (and the biggest victim of the conspiracy's crazy theories) is 60 years old.
Fame is justified. Although it was founded in 1958 to succeed the Soviet Union and coordinate unreasonable American efforts to respond to the launch of Sputnik, in less than ten years the institution led the United States to to conduct space exploration, a situation that still persists today.
Throughout these six decades of history, there have been so many incredible achievements that only critics have yet to deny them. Many uninformed people nowadays think that the Apollo project did not bring humans to the moon from 1969 to 1972.
Of course, disbelief does not prevent much of these people to benefit from technologies created by NASA.
Created during Dwight Eisenhower's presidency, it was the direct continuation of another US government agency, known by the United States as the United States.
With the "Sputnik" effect of October 4, 1957, with a Soviet satellite flying over the United States every day, the government (the National Aeronautical Advisory Committee), founded in 1915 and focused on the technologies of the # 39; aviation.
The solution found was to reorganize Naca, turning it into NASA (National Administration of Aeronautics and Space) and incorporating new research centers to those of his predecessor. It would be a civil agency for space exploration, unlike the Soviet program eminently military.
Among the most relevant acquisitions in the transition from Naca to Nasa, there is the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), born in Caltech, the California Institute of Technology, which was incorporated into NASA in 1958 and had the success of the first American satellite, Explorer-1.
Two years later, what was until then the ABMA (Ballistic Missile Agency of the Army) became, when incorporated into NASA, the Marshall Space Flight Center.
The German Wernher von Braun and his team were tasked with developing the super cubicles that would allow the agency to take astronauts to the moon and bring them safely back to what has become the greatest feat of any inhabited space program,
Given the challenge posed by Eisenhower's successor, John F. Kennedy, for NASA to realize this ambitious project in the late 1960s, the government spared no expense. The agency accounted for 5% of the entire federal budget at the apex of the Apollo program.
Since then, she had to be content with about a tenth of this budget, which has raised hopes that the agency will establish an inhabited lunar base and a trip to Mars with astronauts.
This did not stop the agency from continuing its innovation journey with great feats in robotic exploration. NASA was the first (and the only one so far) to successfully land on Mars, the first (and the only one so far) to send spacecraft to Mercury, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus , Neptune and Pluto
. manned aircraft, the agency has been dedicated from 1981 to 2011 to space shuttle operations – the first reusable rockets in history. But the operation of the program proved so expensive, and the accidents were so frequent, that the shot went back.
The most tragic accidents occurred in 1986 and 2003. In the first, the Challenger exploded soon after launch, killing the seven astronauts on board. In 2003, the same thing happened with the Space Shuttle Columbia, when it returned to the atmosphere, killing its seven crew members.
At this time, the agency is looking for outings to take its astronauts into space and develops a system. so that humans can once again leave Earth's orbit. This time for a price lower than that paid in the 1960s.
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