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Vaccines effectively and efficiently prevent the spread of infectious diseases and some even prevent cancer. A large epidemiological study now suggests that vaccination against rotavirus in the first months of life would be a somewhat surprising benefit, which would reduce the risk of developing type 1 diabetes later.
The study is published in an article entitled "Lower Incidence Rate of Type 1 Diabetes After Receiving Rotavirus Vaccine in the United States, 2001-2017" published in Scientific reports aujourd & # 39; hui.
The first study showed that vaccinating babies against rotavirus significantly reduces the risk of falling ill and requiring hospital care. Children vaccinated against rotavirus had a rotavirus hospitalization rate of 94% lower and a hospitalization rate of 31% lower for some reason in the first two months after vaccination. Rotavirus can cause uncomfortable gastrointestinal illness with symptoms including severe watery diarrhea, vomiting, fever, and abdominal pain. Infants and young children can become severely dehydrated and require hospitalization.
The second conclusion of the study was that children who received all recommended doses of rotavirus vaccine were 33% less likely than unvaccinated children to be diagnosed with type 1 diabetes. The risk was particularly low among children who received the three doses of the pentavalent form of vaccine compared to those who received two doses of the monovalent form. The pentavalent rotavirus vaccine protects against five types of rotavirus, while the monovalent vaccine protects against one type. Partially vaccinated children – that is, those who started the series of vaccines but never completed them – did not have a lower risk of type 1 diabetes.
Mary AM Rogers, Ph.D., an associate professor in the Department of Internal Medicine at the University of Michigan and lead author of the paper, warned that they could not demonstrate a cause-and-effect relationship between rotavirus vaccination and the risk of type 1 diabetes. "It's an unusual condition. So you have to have large amounts of data to identify trends within a population, "Rogers said. "It will take more time and analysis to confirm these results. However, we observe a decrease in type 1 diabetes in young children after the introduction of the rotavirus vaccine. "
A team from the University of Michigan has designed a cohort study of 1,474,535 infants in the United States from 2001 to 2017, using data from a national insurer. The study provides strong post-marketing evidence that the vaccine works.
However, the study reveals that more than a quarter of American children are not completely vaccinated against rotavirus and that this rate varies considerably from one country to another. Less than half of the children in New England and the Pacific have been fully immunized. Two-thirds of the children in the central part of the country have been fully immunized.
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommend that infants receive multidose vaccine no later than 15 weeks of age and receive it before the age of eight months. Infants receive the vaccine in oral drops.
This new finding echoes the results of a study of Australian children published earlier this year, which found a 14% reduced risk of type 1 diabetes after the introduction of rotavirus vaccine in that country. This study, as well as the new one, suggest that a childhood vaccine could reduce the risk of developing a subsequent chronic illness. This also corresponds to laboratory studies showing that rotavirus attacks the same type of pancreatic cells as those affecting people with type 1 diabetes.
Type 1 diabetes, formerly known as "juvenile diabetes", affects only a few children in 100,000. Therefore, having so much data can help identify trends, Rogers said. "In five years we will know a lot more," said Rogers. "In the United States, the first groups of children to receive rotavirus vaccine are now in primary school, while type 1 diabetes is most commonly detected. Let's hope that in the coming years, we will have fewer new cases – but based on the results of our study, it depends on the parents who bring their children to be vaccinated. "
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