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Book: Eurasian Russia as a geopolitical superpower Oil and gas conflict and diplomacy in the Middle East
Author: Dr. Waseem Khalil Kalajieh,
Publisher: Arab Science Publishers Publishers, Beirut-Lebanon, 1st edition, June 2019,
(582 pages of large pieces)
In order for the new ideas of the new Russian geopolitics to materialize on the ground, Moscow must strive to form new geopolitical axes: the Moscow-Berlin west axis, the Moscow-Tokyo axis and the Moscow-South axis. Tehran.
The Moscow-Berlin route, where the Russian Federation extends to the west to recover most of its Soviet heritage in the direction of Central Europe, dependent on German and French dependence to the East, where the Eurasia grants a part of Eastern Europe, aims to undermine the isolation blockade that the Atlanticists have tried to form. About the Russian Federation.
– Moscow-Tokyo axis: axis by which Eurasia can extend the influence of the Atlantic by the east, and the new strategy believes that Berlin, Paris and Tokyo have a tradition against the Atlantic inherited from World War II.
The geopolitical importance of the Islamic Republic of Iran in the Middle East:
To concretize the ideas of the new Russian geopolitics on the ground, Eurasian Russia must work to the formation of new geopolitical axes, notably the axis Moscow-Tehran, which realizes Eurasia deprived of seaports on the warm waters, of an expansion and access to the Arabian Gulf. The geopolitical objective has been and continues to be pursued by the Russian Federation and in this scenario, Tehran would occupy its place in Moscow as one of the most important partners of the Russian Federation in the region, which would allow it to to politically access the Persian Gulf.
The writer, Waseem Khalil Qalajeh, said: "This geographical extension of the Islamic Republic of Iran in the Middle East forces the Russian Federation to establish a geopolitical communication with Iran, where Moscow is trying to take advantage of the position Iranian policy in the conflict with Washington, because Iranian politics is in the opposite position.As US policy and Tehran still disagree with Washington, Moscow exploits the Iranian position in the context of the conflict with Washington as part of a plan which recognizes Russia's relative weakness in the Middle East compared to the US position, so the Russian Federation does not see Iran as an adversary, but rather as a strategic partner and ally that will help it to challenge American power by broadening the regional and international reach of Russia.This strategy is aimed primarily at creating a multipolar world. in which the Russian Federation and the Islamic Republic of Iran are trying to weaken. American power and presence in the Middle East, through which the weakening of NATO and the formation of a counter-politico-military alliance parallel to the American hegemony in the Middle East, Syria is the pivot (page 91 of the book).
The most powerful US military instrument on the Moscow-Tehran axis is its vast naval fleet that controls the world's waterways, as well as the control of Russia's most important strategic neighbors.
As for the United States, the most powerful rival of Russian influence in the Middle East, they have not established direct diplomatic relations with the Islamic Republic of Iran since the rupture of ties in 1979. The series of sanctions imposed in Tehran is part of the continuation of the US-led encirclement policy against Iran. Russia through its presence in many places such as Afghanistan and Iraq.
The most powerful military tool of the United States on the Moscow-Tehran axis is its vast naval fleet, which controls the world's waterways, as well as the control of Russia's most important strategic neighbors, so to strengthen its advanced position on the world stage. US military fleets also monitor oil pipelines, pipelines and oil tankers crossing the Persian Gulf. Iran will therefore soon represent an important point of contact between the two poles in competition.
The geopolitical importance of Turkey in the Middle East
Turkey occupies a central position in the US strategy, not for ideological reasons but for geopolitical considerations, because the geographical area over which Turkey is spread is and remains at the heart of the Eurasian region and its region. circle. The current naval power (the United States of America) considers that this area is the base of its global control because it encircles the land force (ie the Russian Federation) and the Prevents it from expanding and accessing the open sea, in addition to the privileged control of Turkey on the Bosphorus and Dardanelles sea lanes, bitter It lies at the heart of the most marine sites important of the world.
Turkey is at the center of US strategy, not for ideological considerations but for geopolitical considerations
Turkey is one of the key elements in understanding the United States' foreign policy in the Middle East, not only because of its geopolitical dimension, which has given it the advantage of putting pressure on the Gulf States to they influence developing African countries, as well as the religious factor which has played a leading role in linking these countries with the system of Islamic countries. The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia is the center.
The geopolitical importance of the Arab world in US foreign policy
For the geostrategic and geopolitical considerations, the Arab world occupies a place of choice and occupies a privileged place in all the geopolitical theories. Makinder, the author of "World Theory in the World," considered the Arab world as one of the world's strategic places whose control leads to world domination. It is the historical gateway to Western Asia and the strategic location of Eurasia. Thus, those who wanted to control the heart of Eurasia first had to strive to secure the area and ensure its control over the heart of Eurasia to strive first to secure this region and control it.
"In addition to the geopolitical importance of Iran and Turkey for the United States and the Russian Federation, the Arab world in turn has key elements of US-Russian geopolitical competition. Middle East to Western Europe, in the Strait of Ormuz, Bab al-Mandab and the Suez Canal, where these straits play a determining role in the reality of geopolitics of the world Arab, as it occupies a geographical position at the crossroads of three continents, it did not control the most important routes of world trade by land, sea and air, making the Arab world a country of competition between the great powers. " (page 106 of the book).
The new Middle East regional system is attempting to fit in with the United States counter-forces strategy
Because of this importance, the United States undertook to consolidate control of the Middle East, beginning with the Arab world, with the aim of creating a new regional system for the Middle East in which the Zionist entity would occupy the Middle East. center of leadership and starting from an unconventional political vision characterized by a direct military presence in some Arab countries. This new regional order aims to "militarize the Arab world" and reshape the international security system to serve American and Zionist interests.
The new Middle East regional system is attempting to fit within the framework of the United States counter-forces strategy. This American strategy dates back to the period before the end of the Cold War and was still aimed at maintaining the American-Zionist hegemony in the Arab world, which it has worked to achieve:
– Redefining the political features and characteristics of the Arab world to make them more open and democratic, as this is an important guarantee for the United States not to repeat the scenarios and scenes of the events of 11 September 2001 and to seek to prepare for the events of the "Arab Spring", which will prevent the emergence of political demonstrations. All currents or hostile political forces in the United States of America, thus ensuring that no competing forces emerge for American hegemony in the Arab world.
– Support almost totally the US military presence in the Arab world, thereby besieging Russian influence and presence, preventing its expansion and spread, and working to reduce and limit its role.
– Complete the process of attracting Arab countries under US influence and support the political systems closely related to Washington and implement its policies.
"The events of the Arab Spring marked the beginning of a new era in the Middle East, where President Barack Obama called these transformations" America's historic opportunity "and his With the higher goals of the Americanization of the world, based on the fact that the structure of Arab regional regimes no longer fulfills the work required by the United States, which requires step out of the circle of action by destroying it and introducing its capabilities into the process of "creative chaos" as an alternative to a stability incompatible with the dynamics of American plans, "World Geopolitics" (p.107 of the book).
According to many analysts who follow the crises in the Arab region, the transformation of the Arab world is part of the construction of a new or large project on the Middle East, from the perspective of "creative chaos" that is one of the pillars of the US strategy to map the potential new Competitor region. "Creative chaos" is closer to the concept of "crisis management", which is generally known in this respect, namely the first fabrication of the crisis, and then strives to manage it gradually to reach interests. predetermined. It is the dismantling of the Middle East Arab national states in a way that allows access to their basic components and all their strong and flexible elements in order to totally or partially undermine them and reconfigure them to serve the building of the new Middle East order.
The geopolitical importance of the Arab world in Russian foreign policy
Russia's foreign policy with realistic dimensions and geopolitical boundaries has become completely different from the former ideological foreign policy of the former Soviet Union in terms of means, objectives or prospects. The geopolitical objectives of Russia in the Arab world now reflect the existence of red lines of the Russian Federation that seem ready to defend them fiercely and at any price. The Syrian crisis has once again prepared Eurasian Russia to become a strong, realistic player and a key player in the equation of conflict in the Middle East and in the Arab region as a whole. Eurasian Russia also has all the necessary capabilities to exploit the errors of the West and not to participate in the direct confrontation of its confrontation in the Arab world, which has successfully tested its diplomatic and military capabilities outside of the Arab world. its traditional dynamic equation and directly on the Arab scene.
"Russia views the Arab world as an important geographical area, adjacent to its borders, and shares the same vital interests that have a significant impact on its national security and economy, and considers it as a continuous geographical area with the vast Eurasian space Russia, based on special interests and national influence, forces Eurasian Russia to look to the south and the west.The geographical factor is also an important reason for the Russian Federation to seek the Middle East in general and the Arab world in particular "(page 110 of the book)
The Russian Federation regards the Arab world as an important geographical area adjacent to its borders and shares the same vital interests.
There is a form of communication and factors that influence the new Russian political movement, especially in light of the conflict of influence and geopolitical conflict, that the Russian Federation is trying to restore its lost and absent role after the disintegration of the Soviet Union and the emergence of unipolarity, that the current Russian leaders have rejected in all its forms and that calls for a new direction. In the international system, it rests on a multipolar world, which faces a real rejection on the part of the current American administration.
As a result, Eurasian Russia sees itself in a position of defense of key concepts and pillars that strengthen its influence in the Middle East and the Arab world through the many factors that maintain its presence and strength in the global equilibrium , the most important of which is the right to protect and use waterways and crossings, as well as most of its policy in the Middle East. According to these considerations, more than 50% of Russia's export trade passes through these waters, as well as by religious notions and considerations and by the protection of oil sources, in addition to the economic factor that has become the strategy. modern Russian politics. New ones that replaced the old ideology of the Soviet era.
As for the geopolitical importance of the Arab world for the Russian Federation, it occupies a prominent place in the Eurasian strategy because of several factors, including the geopolitical factor, while the Arab world acquires its geopolitical importance of several characteristics and advantages.
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