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The World Health Organization, in the findings of its research and studies, came up with what it called the main facts related to illnesses and mental health problems, and the facts, according to the organization, are as follows :
Most, if not all, people exposed to emergencies are susceptible to mental distress, and most may improve over time.
Of those who have witnessed wars or other conflicts in the past ten years, one in 11 (9%) is likely to have moderate or severe mental health problems.
It is estimated that one in five (22%) of people living in a conflict-affected area develop depression, anxiety, post-traumatic stress disorder, bipolar disorder or schizophrenia.
Depression is more common in women than in men.
Depression and anxiety become more common with age.
People with severe mental disorders are particularly at risk during emergencies and need access to mental health care and other basic needs.
International guidelines recommend that services be provided at a number of levels – from basic services to clinical care – and indicate that mental health care should be immediately available for specific and urgent mental health problems in the context of a health response.
Despite the tragic nature of emergencies and their negative effects on mental health, they have proven to offer opportunities to create sustainable mental health systems for all who need them.
As for the types of issues, the organization says there are different types of social and mental health issues that cause a major emergency.
Social problems:
Pre-existing issues: such as poverty and discrimination against marginalized groups.
Problems arising from emergencies: such as family separation, insecurity, loss of livelihoods, disruption of social fabric networks and low level of trust and resources.
Problems of the humanitarian response: overcrowding, loss of privacy, harm to community or traditional support.
Mental health problems
Pre-existing problems: mental disorders such as depression, schizophrenia or alcoholism.
Problems resulting from emergencies: sadness and grief, acute stress reactions, alcohol and substance abuse, depression and anxiety.
Problems in humanitarian response: Anxiety resulting from lack of information on food distribution or how to access basic services.
Prevalence rate
Most people exposed to emergencies are likely to experience distress (such as feelings of anxiety and sadness, hopelessness, agitation, stress, irritability or anger and / or aches and pains) ).
This is normal for most people and may improve over time. However, the prevalence of common mental disorders such as depression and anxiety is expected to more than double in humanitarian crises.
The burden of mental disorders among the conflict-affected population is very high, as a WHO review of 129 studies in 39 countries found that among people who have witnessed wars or other conflicts in the ten In recent years, one in five people likely to be affected (22%) had depression, anxiety, post-traumatic stress disorder, bipolar disorder or schizophrenia.
According to the WHO study, the prevalence of mental disorders in the conflict-affected population at any given time (defined prevalence) is estimated at 13% for moderate forms of depression, anxiety and post-traumatic stress. , and about 4% for moderate forms of these disorders. The specific prevalence rate for serious disorders (ie, schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, major depression, severe anxiety, and severe post-traumatic stress disorder) is estimated to be 5%. It is estimated that one in 11 people (9%) who live in places affected by conflict in the past 10 years are likely to suffer from moderate or severe mental disorders.
Rates of depression and anxiety increase with age in areas affected by conflict, and depression is more common in women than in men.
During and after emergencies, people with serious mental disorders may be particularly at risk and need access to basic services and clinical care. In 2014, based on a review published in 2014 on health information systems based on data from 90 refugee camps in 15 low- and middle-income countries, it was found that 41% of health care visits mental and neurological disorders and drug addiction related to epileptic seizures. And 23% for psychotic disorders and 13% for moderate to severe forms of depression, anxiety or post-traumatic stress.
Emergency response
The World Health Organization’s interagency guidelines on mental health and psychosocial support for effective emergency response recommend services at multiple levels – from basic to clinical care. Clinical mental health care should be provided by or under the supervision of mental health professionals, such as psychiatric nurses, psychologists or psychiatrists.
Community self-help and social support should be strengthened, for example by creating or re-establishing community groups whose members work together to solve problems and engage in activities such as emergency relief or the acquisition of new skills.
Psychological first aid provides emotional and practical support to people in severe distress following a recent event and should be provided by field workers, including health workers, teachers or trained volunteers.
Basic mental health clinical care covering priority situations (such as depression, psychotic disorders, epilepsy, alcoholism and drug addiction) should be provided in each health facility by trained and supervised public health personnel. .
The need to provide psychological interventions (such as problem-solving interventions, interpersonal group therapy and CBT-based interventions) to people in prolonged distress by specialists or community workers trained and supervised in the health and social.
The process of protecting and promoting the rights of people with severe mental disorders and psychosocial disabilities is of crucial importance, especially in humanitarian emergencies. This includes the visit, follow-up and support of these people in institutions and psychological accommodation.
05
According to global estimates, 1 in 5 people living in a conflict-torn region develop depression, anxiety or schizophrenia.
11
One in 11 people are likely to have psychological problems among residents of places affected by conflict in the past ten years.
5%
Globally, the specific prevalence of severe unrest in conflict-affected populations is estimated at 5%.
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