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The year 2018 has been a year of medical achievements, making it an important year for the health sector after the remarkable development of many areas, including the treatment of blindness, paralysis and progress in the fight against cancer. The bbc .
"First genetically modified child"
A Chinese scientist has sparked a huge uproar in the scientific community, which will probably last for years announcing the birth of the world's first genetically modified child.
Chinese scientist Heih Jiankui said that he had modified two twin girls to protect them from HIV, claiming that they were healthy, but no further details about what the Chinese scientist had done n '# 39; had been published.
This also raised a great moral debate about the authorization of such operations.
Walking again after paralysis
Swiss doctors have also helped a number of patients walk after years of paralysis and sitting in a wheelchair, thanks to a successful operation of the spine.
The spinal cord lesions in the patients stopped the nerve function and prevented the transmission of nerve signals from the brain to the muscles.
The new surgical technique was based on the implantation of an electrical device around the spine of each patient, reinforcing the signals that the brain sends to both men.
Fight against cancer
American Judy Perkins has survived cancer thanks to a new therapeutic method designed to stimulate the immune system.
Perkins had a cancerous tumor the size of a tennis ball in the liver, as well as secondary tumors in different parts of the body.The doctors had told him that it was impossible to heal and that it was impossible. she had three months to die.
However, doctors at the US National Cancer Institute performed new tests to treat cancer using drugs to activate the immune system, and Judy decided to participate in the trials.
The doctors performed a genetic analysis of the Jodi tumor to identify the rare changes that would make it visible to the immune system, then the researchers followed the situation and the patient's immune system began to attack the body. tumor.
Scientists have analyzed Perkins' white cells to extract those that are able to fight cancer. They were synthesized in the laboratory and produced 90 billion cells, then reinjected into the body to fight cancer.
New belly and new baby
In 2018, the first healthy child was born from the death of a woman who died in Brazil thanks to the transplant of her mother, who underwent the transplant.
She had the uterus of a Brazilian who had already given birth to three children and had died of cerebral hemorrhage. The operation lasted 10 hours in 2016 in Sao Paulo, and then was treated for infertility.
Six weeks later, the implanted uterus began functioning and the woman, aged 32, began to feel normal and her menstrual cycle began. Seven months later, fertilized eggs were implanted in the uterus.
Pregnancy naturally continued to give birth to a healthy child after a cesarean section.
Restore the view
Doctors have made a major advance in the treatment of a common type of blindness resulting from "macular degeneration" associated with aging.
The retina is part of the eye and allows direct vision, whether to recognize faces, watch TV or read books.
There are conical cells with high intensity color receptors, behind which is a layer of feeder cells, which causes macular degeneration and blindness.
Scientists have developed a method for building a layer of support cells, and then inserted it precisely into the back of the eye.
The formation of human eggs
A medical team from the University of Edinburgh in Scotland has successfully developed human eggs for the first time, which are born with ovaries containing immature eggs and can not fully develop until after puberty. .
Decades of work have been necessary for success, but scientists can now grow eggs out of the ovaries until they reach maturity.
This technique can lead to new ways to maintain the fertility of children with cancer.
It's also an opportunity to explore the evolution of human eggs, many of which still represent a mystery to science.
The test detects all types of cancer
In 2018, scientists have taken a major scientific step to carry out a complete blood test to detect all cancers.
A team from Johns Hopkins University has experimented with a new way to discover eight common forms of cancer.
It relies on trace traces of altered DNA and proteins released by cancerous tumors into the blood.
The test looks for mutations in 16 genes appearing regularly in cancer, eight often released proteins and over a thousand patients were tested for different cancers before they spread to other tissues . .
The role of microbes in our body
Science continues to discover the great importance of microbes and their impact on our health, and this year we have identified the importance of microbes, responsible for the spread of one of the most common cancers in children.
Lymphatic leukemia affects one in every 2,000 children.
Professor Mel Greaves of the Cancer Research Institute has gathered evidence over 30 years to demonstrate that the immune system can become cancer-free if it does not "attack" enough microbes early in life.
This means that young children should be exposed to microbes to form their immune systems to cope with and cope with diseases.
This does not mean that the study asks parents not to keep their children healthy and to stop helping them live in a clean and healthy environment.
But this suggests that there is a price to pay for the progress we are making in society and for medicines in different areas such as clean water.
The long-term goal is to give children a safe range of bacteria, such as yogurts, that will help form their immune system to deal with illnesses.
Artificial Intelligence and Ophthalmology
A computer has managed to interpret images taken at the back of the eye and to diagnose more than 50 eye diseases, as do seasoned experts in the field.
Thousands of scans were used to program the device on how to read the results of one's eye exam.
Then, a comparison was made between artificial intelligence and man in the diagnosis of eye diseases, and each of them was asked to provide a diagnosis to 1,000 patients.
Doctors hope that artificial intelligence plays a major role in identifying patients requiring urgent treatment without delay, so as not to aggravate their condition.
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