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At the end of the last century, it seemed that the nation-state had been decimated by globalization, while many thought that the world had become a small, US-run village, but this model has now declined because United States imposed globalization on all nations. The devastating wars for this purpose, I turned to, when China overtook it.
The truth is that the nation-state is still immune to the challenges it faces, while many countries in the world are still far from the nation-state because they refuse to take the basic elements that they have transferred from tribalism and sectarianism to a national conflict. (1).
It is an attempt to lay the foundations on which the national / national state is founded, without which there is no possibility of a modern state.
The national community is an open society
For Sarkzia, the first obstacle of which I spoke at length2 is the division by the European occupier into states a century ago, not to allow these countries to communicate and unite, but to provoke hatred and hatred between them so that they do not unite or agree on a position vis-à-vis the external enemy. . These countries seek to create internal turmoil to keep them weak and under control, that is, the colonizer deliberately sought to force our society to close. For even the national state is national by name and not by its act, because the fundamental condition of the existence of a homeland is the "sense of belonging of all its members", that is not yet achieved, nor the symbols agreed and accepted by all, nor a conscious and effective contribution to the renewal of life. And each denomination has different purposes, each of which is considered to share a life with a person belonging to one's own sect or ethnic group, even if it is outside the borders of one's homeland, more than those who share the land. with it, which leads to undermine the legitimacy of the state, and therefore its existence, "and the acceptance of the individual and the gamma constituents of the state to be part of it, and the tendency to secession or autonomy or federalism "(3).
Openness to other common citizenship is the first significant feature of the national community, as everyone living in the territory is entitled to automatic affiliation, while tribe, clan, community and ethnic groups are closed to prevent belonging to the other, either because of blood ties or by descent. , Or religion. They also follow ancient traditions incompatible with the development of society over time and adopt very conservative positions that make them enveloped in their environment. One of the manifestations of Arab societies is their isolation and rejection of each other involved in geography, based on inherited proportions, blood relations as in the clan and tribe, or a sectarian / religious affiliation.
The first revolutionary step towards the creation of the nation-state is to impose the membership and national identity of all residents within the State's borders, regardless of the proportions, sects or blood and ethnic relations and the first manifestations of the transition from the closed society to the open society. On a specific geographical point.
This process began in the 1950s in the states of Sercia and North Africa, where national / national political parties emerged as members of the population, regardless of religious or ethnic identity. parties focused on the political objectives and the course.
From the results of the transformation of closed societies to open societies, from the rebirth of the intellectual renaissance through the free interaction of members of society in the fields of science and literature, journalism and poetry, literature, from theater and art, and building forums and research centers, Beirut has become the example of intellectual capital of Sercia, where competition between intellectuals and writers The following people are from Iraq from Syria, Palestine and Jordan and local thinkers, from Jabra Ibrahim Jabra to Salma Al-Khadra Al-Jayyousi, Al-Sayab Bader Shaker and Al-Bayati, Fadwa Touqan, Mahmoud Darwish and Adonis, Yasin Rifaiya, Amal Jarrah and Lalaa Baalbah. Halim Barakat, Naseef Nassar, Kamal El Hajj, Kamal Salibi, Edmon Rabat, Salwa Nassar, Constantine Zureik, Anis and Youssef Sayegh … and many others, as well as the intellectual leaders who created modern parties calling for Michel Aflaq's nationalism to Satea Al Hossary, … But as soon as we returned to our closed communities for ethnic and sectarian reasons following civil wars, this renaissance has faded. From there, we conclude that there is no room for intellectual renaissance if society does not move from the old traditional state system to the modern nation state, and the more open society is, the more it is developed and progresses at all levels.
A manifestation of Arab societies is their rejection of the other part of the geography based on hereditary descent, blood relations, or sectarian / religious affiliation.
Historical evidence confirms that societies progress by interaction rather than proximity, and it is enough to compare Sparta to the other in the face of an open Athens that has produced a very advanced culture. The same goes for the West's friction with the Arab world in the Middle Ages. The sciences borrowed from mathematics, medicine and physics, which led to its rebirth and the construction of its modern state. So do not interact as we do today and rejection of the introduction of new standards is the main reason why we tend to be lagging behind. Each country cites what is useful to them, then develops it to form an integral part of it. It is amusing to reject the nationalist saying only because it is a Western product, as many Arab writers point out, especially the Salafists, not to mention the car, the plane or the telephone. For us, as if these writers wanted us to remain consumers, not creative, and realize that we would lose our identity if we took the new sayings, as if the identity was static, not dynamic or moving!
This rejection, based on the non-adoption of the principles of the modern state and its principles, is a concession to the sphere of life and an acceptance of the domination of the West, because the Arab countries live as they breathe this West, as well as materials consumed by the Western majority and paid for their resources, and even resources being allowed, as they are not allowed. From a nation-state that protects it.
It is necessary to emphasize that interactions between individuals, groups and civilizations lead to development, because any interaction forces society to find solutions to new challenges, otherwise it will degenerate into a stagnant quagmire.
From personal units to geographical units
The transition from a personal union to a geographical affiliation is the most important historical development in the construction of the national system. A personal union is based on blood relations, religious or ethnic relations, while belonging to the homeland determines identity and gives a social / political / economic meaning to the existence of the society.
The transition from personal affiliation to the rebirth of the modern nation-state is not easy and it takes a long time to make it happen. The Western feudal system contributed to the emergence of huge sections that later became the core of nation-states, undivided divisions between children. The law on primogeniture in Europe was used to confer feudalism on the oldest child. The Babylonians then the Islamic, who divided the inheritance among the male heirs, leaving the cuttings of a limited size.
Moreover, the peasants and their western families were tied to the land, they were part of feudalism, sold and bought with it, which resulted in the attachment of the inhabitants to the land and to their sense of belonging, and not to their feudal lord. With the intertwining of parties by war or marriage, the great feudal lord became the property not only of his clan, but also of dozens of other clans incorporated in feudalism, and this was the beginning of the emergence of a national identity.
The triumph of the nation-state model sweeps the world east and west, and the identity we carry from one country to another determines our geographic identity, that is, the residence, not filiation, ethnicity or religion. A French national, for example, wanders his name based on his geographical boundaries and not on his white race, ethnicity, religion or clan: these characteristics no longer guarantee identity or even the existence of politics. Earth.
The Arab countries have not adopted this model and still live in the swamps of personal unions and their conflicts between them and their rejection of those who live on the same ground because it is religious or ethnic.
The rejection of the other, who does not resemble us, means the rejection of the principle of the unity of the community based on life within certain geographical limits, leading to the loss of society and the fragmentation of many sections fighting against values. contradictory, different objectives and different ways of life, because they are not part of the common ground, Religion, race or ethnicity, even if they accept the recognition of the other on their territory, in order to build a "national interest" common to all, as they are convinced of their survival and survival as a coherent society facing external challenges.
And further exacerbate fragmentation, the intervention of Western countries in preventing any unity, solidarity or cohesion among members of society through solidarity with this or that community, and the countless tragedies that have passed and pass through the rejection of national identity / nationalism and the participation of some They are outside their national state because they have a priority for their personal belonging.
National Geographic Features
The modern nation-state was created for objective reasons in the midst of the development of humanity, and the common identity of all those who were on a given land was highlighted by the difference with other people living outside these borders. This fact necessarily means that those who fight in the name of ethnicity or tribe are inevitably lost, because confrontation forces them to use the tools available to survive, and not to return to the old tools that led to their defeat in advance.
The change that has taken place because of the preference and priority of relations with the land and its protection and defense, because losing it means the loss of our existence, is one of the greatest transformations in the world. history of humanity, where the citizen sacrificed his life to defend his country. This does not mean in any way abolish the personal union, but rather place it second, which is why the dilemma of some religious currents, such as political Islam, is not the religious content, but the status of religion (personal union) before any national / national considerations. Islamic currents in the Arab world are joining Turkey, the West or other countries at the expense of their homeland and their citizens, as was the case recently in Syria. This attitude shows the rejection of the modern mixed state and the demand for return to the religious state. Religious parties in Germany, France, England, the United States of America or any nation-state, parties of their first and absolute loyalty to their state and nationality work in this framework. Western nations have long struggled against the Catholic empire to free themselves from the control of the religious state and subject it to control of the nation-state. All temples and churches in the West are obliged to follow the laws of their civil status, and can not enforce the laws of the Church of Rome, because of the priority of the nation state. It is here that lies the great difference between currents and religious parties in the West, and between Salafist and Muslim currents in the Arab world. The same goes for Turkey and Iran, who are mainly national states, second-class Muslims, and the clerics of both countries are loyal to their national state. Any violation of this principle constitutes national treason.
What defines the identity of the modern world order, that is the Earth. Losing land means losing the identity of the individual, just like the group
Some Arab countries think that our struggle against the West is not a struggle between national states that want to dominate and control our raw resources, but that the West is fighting us "because it is Christian and wants the elimination from Islam. "They forget that the two world wars took place among the" Christian "countries of Europe and eliminated millions of them. Modern wars are nation-states that seek to survive, control and expand.
The same goes for the Arab countries' point of view on resistance. Although the word "resistance" contains the concept of defense of the land, no religion or ethnicity. Resistance is a reaction resulting from the takeover of the homeland by an enemy, which is home to both religions and ethnicities, so that it was not in the spirit of the French to give up French resistance during the Second World War. Jan Darek has resisted the English carrying the cross, does that mean that she is fighting because she is Christian or is she fighting for her country, France? In the end, the "resistance" is patriotic, whatever its form, because it frees the collective ground from all elements. When some citizens focus on the ethnic or religious origins of the resistance, it means that we always live in personal, not national, conditions. This is the case in the states of Syracuse today, because they were specially divided from the colonial West to present themselves in the form of sectarian and ethnic confederations. This resistance carries a double responsibility. On one side, they are forced to defend land that the army can not protect because of foreign interference in the fate of fragile and weak entities, of the same. other, they must build bridges and connect the states of Syracuse in order to defeat Western aggression.
What defines identity in the order of the modern world is the Earth. Therefore, the loss of land means the loss of the identity of the individual because the group, if the Palestinian loses his land, loses his national identity, compelling him to adopt the l '. identity of the land living within its borders, becoming an American when he was traveling to the United States or Germany when he was going to Germany, he can say that he is Palestinian, but he can do it mostly, he is German or American of Palestinian origin. No tribe, tribe, religion or language can maintain its identity. Only belonging to the land allows him to stay in a community that he represents. Many primitive societies have disappeared in the last two centuries as a result of the loss of their lands: every people loses their land.
The people of the Arab world have not yet understood this fact: they live outside the modern system of nation-states and believe that a people can remain landless because they still live at the time of their personal union between me and my tribes. Earth, take the identity of this earth, not the opposite. Which means that the Kurds who settled in the north of Syria become Syrian, do not become Kurds of northern Syria and do not become Californian Mexicans, because the majority of the population of Mexico! The Mexicans living in California today are Americans who are fighting for the same privileges as the white man.
While the modern nation-state is dominant today, nation-states see their heritage from their national point of view, so China considers Buddhism as part of its heritage and the secular Italian nation considers the Roman Empire as its own ancient history. Thus, each ancient civilization has its modern national reference, which must be evaluated from the point of view of the nation state, and the land on which it was born, regardless of the tribe or ethnic group that created it.
If we want to apply the principle of national unity to the emergence of Arab civilization, we found that it was born and raised in both Suraqatin: Damascus and Baghdad, which was necessary to study the history of the region and its story, starting with the Umayyads, but starting with the story before the Umayyads and Abbasids. Syrian expansion to the west of the Umayyads followed the Canaanite lineage that spread to North Africa in the same way as in the kingdom of Carthage, which spread to Spain, but surpassed the entry of the Umayyads of Andalusia. Because his commander Hannibal crossed the Alps to face the Roman Empire of the time, he occupied parts of Italy and could have won the battle if Tire, the city-city, contributed to the support of Carthage with military aid.
The Arab civilization, as it was born in Damascus and Baghdad, was based on the sciences, knowledge and techniques of these two capitals, without appealing to the revenues of this country since the introduction of this pre-Islamic and pre-Islamic civilization.
The first reason was the division of Saracenia by the colonial West at the end of the First World War, and the second reason was that the majority of speakers rejected elements of the modern national state. This refers to the heritage of the geographical origin, the land on which it was born, because this speaker always clings to give priority to religion or ethnicity, not to National affiliation, and to religion because we do not know geographical boundaries, and pay no attention to nationalities, That the Lord is more important than abroad, because the Qur'an was revealed in Arabic or because the Prophet Muhammad belongs to the Quraish tribe.
The Arab and Islamic countries live in terrible isolation, tributary to the West, large and small, and their educated elites, including the extremist religious elites (Salvia and Ekhwaniyah), are eager to bring their children into Western schools and universities. And dreams of returning to the boom of the Middle Ages without making the slightest effort to achieve it. If we examined the reasons for the development of Arab civilization during this period, we found that their mixture and openness to the heritage of other peoples was at the origin of their rise, and that any encroachment on any people would lead to its degeneration.
Therefore, it seems impossible to progress socially, politically, economically and militarily without taking into account the historical context in which we live today, while the majority of the population of the Arab world wants to defend itself on the basis of of medieval declarations.
1 – Ali al-Din Hilal, "The State Crisis and the Current Arab Sedition", Renaissance Journal, No. 15, 2018, page 111.
2 – Safia Saadeh, "The war in Syria from the point of view of the thought of His National Excellence", Center for Research and Studies of Damascus, October 2018.
3 – Adel Mujahid Al-Shargabi, State Crisis in the Arab World, Center for Studies on Arab Unity, Beirut: 2011.
4 – Antoun Saadeh, The Rise of Nations, Beirut: 1994, p.
5 – As Abu Khalil ad, "When Damianos saw a train for Lebanese who did not look like him", Al-Akhbar newspaper, December 15, 2018.
* A university professor
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