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A series of studies have shown a complex relationship between the body's biological clock, metabolism and digestion, which means that the timing of meals and the period specified for the comfort of the stomach play a role in determining weight.
A BBC report revealed new evidence that the timing of meals also contributes to weight gain or gain. Research published in 2013 has highlighted the importance of meal schedules in weight loss. The study focused on a group of obese obese women having a diet for three months.
The researchers noted that participants who consumed the most calories at breakfast lost more than twice their weight compared to those who consumed the most calories at dinner, although both groups had the same amount of calories.
Linda Gedis, the author of the report, said that many people attributed late-night eating to being overweight because the body did not have enough time to burn calories and that the truth was more complex than we thought. "People sometimes think that the chemical reactions in our body cease during sleep, but that's not true," says Jonathan Johnston, a specialist in the relationship between the biological clock and food at home. University of Surrey in Great Britain.
Some evidence suggests that the amount of energy consumed by the body when processing the food we eat in the morning is greater than that it consumes when treating our food late in the day, which means that you burn more calories if you eat early.
Another explanation is that eating late at night reduces the time available for our digestive system to rest and recover, as well as the time our body has to burn fat, just as chemical reactions only burn fat when body members know that we have stopped eating.
Sachin Panda, a biologist at the Salik Institute in California and author of The Daily Rhythm Code, wrote that the vast majority of Americans eat 15 hours or more a day and consume more than a third of their daily calories after 18 hours, This differs from the lifestyle of our ancestors before the invention of the light bulb.
Panda says that students rarely sleep until midnight and can eat and drink just before going to bed. Many people have to get up early the next day to attend conferences. If they eat their breakfast immediately after waking up, they will reduce the time they are supposed to refrain from eating. They may also not have enough sleep. Lack of sleep increases the risk of obesity, weakens the ability to make decisions and control oneself, and then accepting low-benefit foods can increase the levels of hormones that drive us to eat.
It has now become apparent that the body clock is closely related to digestion and metabolism in several ways, through signaling pathways between body cells. Every cell in the body has a molecular clock that regulates the timing of almost all physiological behaviors and processes, from the release of hormones and neurotransmitters to blood pressure, through the activity of immune cells and even when we are sleepy, active or depressed during the day.
The work of these hours is organized by signals sent by the nucleus on the transverse brain, in order to maintain the harmony between the hours and some of them and to match the external timing. These hours feel the light and darkness in the outside world through the luminescent ganglia of the retina.
The purpose of all these intracellular clocks is to anticipate the activities that occur regularly in our environments, such as the arrival and preparation of food. Biochemical reactions in the body are preferred at specific times of the day so that the body's organs recover and perform different functions.
When we travel abroad, the hours of exposure to light change and the hours of our body change to accommodate new appointments, so we are tired of the jet lag that not only makes us sleepy and active at the wrong time, but also causes problems with digestion, fatigue and general weakness. In addition to light, changing meal times also changes the biological clocks of the liver and digestive system, although it does not affect the number of hours in brain cells. New evidence suggests that exercise times can also affect hours in muscle cells.
When we travel between different time zones, eat, sleep or exercise on irregular dates, the symmetry between the hours in the cells and the tissues of the body's organs is disrupted.
A recent study showed that sleeping at irregular intervals increased the body's resistance to insulin, increased inflammation in the blood and doubled the risk of type 2 diabetes and heart disease.
These problems are particularly common for many people who travel or travel, and for students who are used to sleeping early in the day or who work shifts. It has been linked to the seizure system with many diseases including heart disease and type II diabetes, obesity and depression. Scientists have attributed this to the disruption of the rhythm of the body clock.
According to Banda, 87% of people change their sleep patterns on weekends and could delay breakfast for at least an hour. Researchers have reported that this change in breakfast habits has the same effect as movements between time zones on metabolism.
The British Independent newspaper published a study indicating that fewer hours of sleep made a person more likely to gain weight, indicating that people who slept an average of six hours a night were three centimeters shorter than those who slept nine hours per night.
"Less sleep can mean more obesity, especially for people with a less healthy diet," reveals the study by researchers from the University of Leeds, UK.
More than 1,600 adults participated in the study and the researchers asked them to indicate how long they were sleeping and all the foods they consumed before reaching this conclusion.
Those who slept less hours had in their blood a lower fat called HDL, a good type of healthy cholesterol that helps eliminate "bad" fats from circulation and protects against heart disease.
"We found that adults who slept less hours than their peers were more likely to be overweight or obese," said Dr. Laura Hardy, head of the research team. "Our results highlight the importance of getting enough sleep," she said.
The time the body needs to sleep varies from one person to another, but the current consensus among specialists is seven to nine hours a day for most adults.
Gerda Bot, a nutritionist at King's College London, is studying how long-term calorie consumption can affect long-term health. She says that what prompted her to do this research is that she was influenced by her grandmother, who used to eat basic meals and snacks at regular hours a day, starting with breakfast at seven o'clock in the morning and ending with dinner at six o'clock. Butt thinks that his grandmother's strict meal schedules have helped her stay healthy until the age of 95.
There are many reasons for this, including the fact that the body responds better to insulin, which allows glucose to enter cells to take advantage of energy in the morning. But if we eat at night, the blood glucose stays longer and, over time, can increase the risk of type 2 diabetes and can also damage body tissues, such as blood vessels or nerves in the eyes and feet.
According to data from the National Bureau of Statistics (NBS), Bot found that people who ate irregular dates were more likely to present a metabolic syndrome, a combination of symptoms that appear simultaneously, such as hypertension, accumulation fat around the waist, Cholesterol in the blood.
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