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When there was this belief which prevailed at the end of the first half of the 19th century that the future would be better and that the Arabs, because they are “one nation”, would have a “united empire”, but the big shock that the following Arab generations suffered was that the Arab world It has been described as “from the thunderous ocean to the rebellious gulf” which was torn apart in what is now the situation, and there are over 20 countries who no longer come together except the Arab League, which was established to be a framework for the countries and peoples of this Islamic nation, which has been described in the Holy Quran as “You were the best nation that brought out the people, enjoining good, forbidding what is bad, and believing in God.
On April 7, 1947, 3 individuals gathered in Damascus, Michel Aflaq, Salah al-Bitar and the brigade in reference to Major General Zaki al-Arsuzi, Alexandrette, and created the “Baas” party under the slogan “A nation. Arab ”as an attempt to unite all Arabs, under one state. And free the whole Arab world who is still busy.
The dreams of the “Baath” party were pink and beautiful, and after Akram Al-Hourani joined it in 1952, he was able to form branches in many Arab countries, such as Jordan, Iraq, Lebanon … and Yemen (north), then afterwards it became the most important Arab nationalist party. It was able to develop in some African Arab countries, and the fact that the conviction prevailed at this stage among many others that the desired unity would be definitely achieved, especially after the merger of Egypt and Syria under the leadership of Gamal Abdel Nasser, and there the so-called “United Arab Republic” became.
But what brought Arab nationalist dreams from heaven to earth was that this unity which was declared in February 1958 collapsed and ended in a military coup on September 28, 1961, and that the end of this unit so quickly and in this way was a big blow. Despite all unitary aspirations, especially since all subsequent attempts were doomed to catastrophic failure, even countries ruled by one party, the Baath Party, which soon became afflicted with division and disintegration later, and became the “Resurrection of Iraq” and “resurrection of Syria” and “resurrection of Ali Saleh”. Al-Saadi ”and others !!
It is well known that the “virus” of this dissociative stage did not stop with a single “resurrection”. Besides the “resurrection” of Syria and the “resurrection” of Iraq, there has been a resurrection of the “Salah Jadid group” and others, and the fact that this political epidemic has hit most of the formations of this country. stage What was described from the start, when the “Muslim Brotherhood” came out of its womb, the “Islamic Liberation Party” led by Sheikh Taqi al-Din al-Nabhani and the Arab Nationalist Movement led by Dr George Habash quickly became “at war” parties; The Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine and the Democratic Front led by Nayef Hawatmeh, in addition to many branches, quickly disappeared completely and became “forgotten”.
In addition, the split also struck with its sharp sword the Communist Party and the Yemeni Socialist Party, which emerged from within the Arab nationalist movement, from which many formations emerged, and similar to what the Baath Party stood with. found, and all the Nasserist formations and all the resistance factions ended up succeeding, including the “ Movement ”. Fatah, which gave birth to the “Abu Nidal Group”, to the Naji Alloush group and to the Nimr Saleh (Abu Saleh) group, with Abu Khaled al-Amla and Abu Musa who were, and where they formed what they formed. Called “Fatah” the uprising, whose end and end of those who formed it were truly tragic.
What is meant by all of this is that the “dream of unity” which had haunted most, if not all, Arabs, parties, organizations, resistance factions and countries, has been transformed. from the beginnings into terrifying nightmares, though some Arabs weren’t convinced they disagreed much more. From what they agreed, in fact, fierce wars broke out between their countries, more serious than the Arab-Israeli wars that began with the 1948 war and have continued until now.
The reason, the cause of the Arab division, is that the Arabs remained under Ottoman rule for about 400 years and more, and during this long and heavy period they lost the factors of their unity, and as soon as they fell apart. got rid of the Ottomans, they submitted to Western colonialism which handed over Palestine to the Israelis, and which “divided” them into actions for the colonial countries. For the British and the French in particular, and separated them culturally, and of course economically and politically, and it is known that when the colonialists left and their direct domination disappeared, their economic, cultural and political control remained in this region for many years.
The important thing is that after the Arabs gained their independence and began to feel the means and methods of their unity and to form their national and national parties, it was proved that separatism and regionalism still dominated some d ‘between them, and it is not for all, and the proof is that the Egyptian-Syrian unity did not oppose regionalism at all, and that the Baath party which raised During its first training conference in 1947, the slogan “An Arab nation … with an everlasting message” had turned against the United Arab Republic, and he could not later unite the two “countries” in which he ruled, the Syrian Arab country and the Iraqi Arab country, and that it had turned into “Two missions” at war; The Syrian Baath movement after the February 1966 movement and the Iraqi Baath, which had organized its second coup in 1968, and so the struggle continued between the two parts of this movement, until its overthrow with the overthrow of Saddam Hussein and his regime in 2003.
Moreover, it is known that the Iraqi-Jordanian unity which had taken place between Iraq and Jordan during the reign of Faisal II and Hussein bin Talal in 1958 was overthrown by a bloody coup on July 14 of the same year, that is to say in 1958, in which the young man who was In the prime of life and with him the whole royal family, and therefore the unity of the two brotherly countries, led by two young men really promising and descended from the Hashemite family, whose leader Sharif Hussein bin Ali declared a revolution against Ottoman rule, whose presence ended in the Levant, Mesopotamia and Hijaz on the island. Arabic in this first period, which had become distant.
Therefore, what is meant by this long “brief” is that the Arabs settled down with their unity, which all their peoples were eagerly awaiting to achieve, with the Arab League, which in fact achieved cultural, economic and also military achievements, but what has been proven during all these long years and all its tragedies That the desired unity has not been achieved, even in minimal terms, and that most painful is that Iran “Khomeinist” and “khameneï” came to “occupy” 4 large Arab countries, namely Iraq, Syria and Lebanon … and part of North Yemen, and this adds to the hegemony of Turkey Erdoganism is against “brother” Qatar, both militarily and politically … and everything, and it controls part of Libya. This, while Israel still occupies all of Palestine, and with it the Syrian Golan Heights, and here it is certain that things could have been worse and tragic if it weren’t for all these relentless efforts that some countries Arabs continued to undertake politically, economically and also militarily, in some way. Announced, and otherwise unannounced.
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