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Scientists at the universities of Indiana, Michigan and the Western Reserve have found that most people are at risk of developing type 2 diabetes from the development of insulin.
As a result, proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences report that insulin synthesis and functions are disrupted, leading to type 2 diabetes.
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It is also known that insulin is produced in the pancreas, in specialized cells called beta cells. And the precursor of insulin, Proinsulin, it coagulates and acquires the required structure and the ability to perform the required functions. It consists of an A chain and a B chain, which are linked together by a C chain. When Proinsulin turns into insulin, the C chain is cut, while A and B are linked by a disulfide bond. (sulfuric bridge). In vertebrates, the amino acid should be phenylalanine, at point 24 of the B chain.
When phenylalanine is replaced by tyrosine, which differs only in the presence of the hydroxyl group (), the synthesis of proinsulin is disrupted and beta cells are damaged.
But despite this disorder, proinsulin clots in solution, turning into TyrB24 insulin, which can perform the same functions as regular insulin. This is because phenylalanine is only important at the intermediate stage of insulin synthesis.
According to the findings of the researchers, this hormone disruption makes the person vulnerable to type 2 diabetes. Insulin appears to be at an impasse, as there is no mutation capable of positively affecting the composition and the activity of the hormone when bound to the receptor. Because all these functions require different structural properties that contradict each other. For example, in type 2 diabetes, too much insulin contributes to beta cell dysfunction and mutations cannot solve this problem. Because such a repair causes a deterioration of a second function of the hormone.
Source: Linta. Ru
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