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Jeddah: Dr. Abdul Hafiz Yahya Khoja
On Monday, the nations of the world celebrated World Cancer Day under the slogan "It's me … and that's what I AM and I want" is a symbol that anyone can reduce the risk of cancer. the impact of cancer at the same level, at the level of the population and the world around it, and with the aim of saving millions of people. Preventable deaths every year by educating individuals and governments around the world about cancer, as well as correcting misconceptions and common myths about the disease.
The Kingdom has participated in various events that will continue until the end of Friday, at the level of hospitalized patients, the holding of medical seminars and all layers of society in major shopping centers in different regions to raise awareness the public to this disease and the means to prevent it by avoiding exposure to many factors. Common risks, mainly tobacco smoke.
– cancer
According to the World Health Organization (WHO), cancer is a generic term that encompasses a wide range of diseases that can affect almost all parts of the body, due to the rapid growth and uncontrolled spread of abnormal cells that invade often the surrounding tissues and may metastasize occur elsewhere than in the affected area, the main causes of death from cancer being metastases. Cancer rates are increasing worldwide and in the regions. According to the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) of the World Health Organization, cancer deaths in 2018 reached 9.6 million people, one in eight deaths among men and one in 11 in women. Cancer rates are expected to nearly double over the next two decades, from 555,318 new cases in 2012 to about 96,108 in 2030, the largest relative increase of any WHO region.
Causes of cancer
Cancer results from the transformation of normal cells into other tumors according to a multi-stage process that typically develops from a potentially carcinogenic lesion into malignant tumors. These changes are due to the interaction of individual genetic factors and three categories of external factors, according to the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC):
> Factors related to carcinogenic materials, such as UV and ionizing radiation.
> Carcinogenic chemicals, such as asbestos, components of tobacco smoke, aflatoxin (a food contaminant) and arsenic (a contaminant of drinking water).
> Bacterial agents, such as infections caused by certain viruses, bacteria or parasites.
Aging is another key factor in cancer, whose age is very high and that may increase the risk of certain types of cancer with aging. The accumulation of cancer risk is associated with the tendency of cellular repair mechanisms to disintegrate with the aging of the person. IARC maintains a comprehensive classification of carcinogens.
– Other risk factors
There are four major cancer risk factors around the world, as well as other noncommunicable diseases: smoking and alcohol, an unhealthy diet, sedentary lifestyle and increased body weight.
Some chronic infections are risk factors for cancer, especially in low- and middle-income countries.
Fifteen percent of cancers diagnosed in 2012 were caused by carcinogenic infections, including H. pylori, HPV, Hepatitis B, C. Some types of human papillomavirus and the Epstein-Barr virus (Lancet Glob Health: Global burden of cancer attributable to infections in 2012). HIV infection, hepatitis C and some types of HPV increase the risk of cancer of the liver and cervix respectively, while HIV infection increases the risk of cancer of the cervix. uterus.
– The importance of early detection
Cancer mortality can be reduced if detected and treated at an early stage, according to the following two components:
> First: early diagnosis. Cancer is likely to respond to effective treatment if it is detected early, resulting in increased risk of survival, reduced morbidity, and lower cost treatment.
Secondly, sorting. Abnormalities suggestive of certain cancers or pre-cancerous cases are detected in people with no symptoms and are promptly referred to diagnostic and treatment facilities. Examples of screening methods include:
Mammography to screen for breast cancer.
– Human papillomavirus (HPV) test for cervical cancer screening.
– Visual examination with acetic acid to detect cervical cancer in low-income areas.
– Pap smear Pap smear for screening for cervical cancer in middle and high income countries. According to the International Agency for Research on Cancer, cure rates for some of the most common cancers, such as breast cancer, cervical cancer, oral cancer, and colorectal cancer, are high when compared to other cancers. they are detected early and treated according to best practices.
Perspectives of cancer treatment
(FDA) has approved the world's first cancer drug, Vitrakvi, which depends on the treatment of genetic mutations of tumors, regardless of the type or location of the disease, depending on the direction. The Saudi Ministry of Health has stated that the drug has been approved for the treatment of specific cancers with a specific type of rare genetic mutations (TRK gene) present in certain tumors, such as salivary gland, thyroid, lungs and connective tissue, as well as treatment of cases containing genetic and intolerable mutations. Surgery as well as cases that contain a genetic mutation and there is no suitable alternative to treatment and the cases that developed after the treatment to be scheduled. The discovery of this drug is an important step in the treatment of cancer and will change 100% of treatment methods.
> Pain relievers such as aspirin and ibuprofen increase the chances of survival of a malignant disease by 25 to 78%, but only in patients with cancer with a modified gene called PIK3CA, a tumor of one third of head and neck tumors, California San Francisco. This discovery is preliminary and will need to be replicated in other clinical trials.
A new gene, immunoglobulin, is used to treat patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), the most common form of cancer in children, and is being validated by the Food and Drug United States Administration (FDA).
A recent scientific study conducted at the University of Southern California and Nagoya, published in the journal Science Advance, revealed a drug still in its early days that can stop the growth of cancer cells by beating and blocking its clock internal biological, because the cells of the body contain its biological clock. Unlike the biological clock of the human controlled by the brain.
> A new model of cancer treatment using stem cells, which specifically targets mobile or metastatic cancer, which occurs when the disease spreads to other parts of the body, which is fatal and causes 90% of deaths by Cancer. Researchers have used it effectively and safely to target cancer cells in mice to treat metastatic breast cancer, which spreads to the lung. It is hoped that this model will provide an alternative and perhaps a more effective treatment against cancer.
> Swedish scientists develop nanotechnologies to fight tumors by self-destructing cancer cells, hoping to do without chemotherapy.
> Significant progress in tumor radiotherapy has reduced the side effects of post-treatment: in some tumors (such as brain tumors and breast tumors if they are small), surgery is completely dispensed from radiotherapy and surgery. Other drugs may be added.
> Scientists at Stanford University have developed a revolutionary new radiation therapy method called PHASER, based on high energy physics, that allows it to reduce its use of tumors and kill cancer cells in seconds. In order to avoid the damage usually caused by radiotherapy in healthy tissue, the creators of the new method did not affect healthy tissue adjacent to the malignant tumor because the radiation on their way will be directly directed to the second tumor and the patient will not change the position of the body, Clinical trials should begin in 3 to 5 years.
– Prevention plans
It is encouraging to note that about one-third of all common cancers can be prevented by:
> First: Educate individuals and communities about the links between lifestyle and cancer risk, including a healthy diet, maintaining a healthy weight, maintaining a physical activity, maintaining Improvement of lifestyles and behaviors and the abstention of smoking.
Second: Need to implement prevention strategies, including: Avoid risk factors related to cancer, the most important: to abstain from tobacco and alcohol, to fight against obesity, to increase activity regular physics.
– Vaccination against HPV and the hepatitis B virus, which prevents a million cases of cancer a year.
– Occupational risk control.
– Reduce exposure to UV rays.
– Reduce exposure to ionizing radiation (radiography for professional or medical diagnosis).
Facts about cancer
> Cancer is the most prevalent disease in the world.
> One in six deaths worldwide due to cancer. One third of cancer deaths are due to major behavioral risks: obesity, low fruit and vegetable consumption, lack of physical activity, smoking and alcohol abuse.
> Cancerous infections, such as hepatitis B and HCV, account for up to 25% of cancers in low- and middle-income countries.
> It is common for cancers to develop late in the absence of diagnostic and treatment services, especially in low-income countries, for more than 30% of them.
> In Saudi Arabia, breast cancer is most common among women, while colon cancer is the most common among men.
Objectives of World Cancer Day
> Reduce by 25% premature deaths due to noncommunicable diseases by 2025.
> Educate and educate communities about cancer and prevention methods.
> Encourage early detection and preventive vaccines (hepatitis B – HPV) and raise awareness of its importance.
> Ensure that solutions are possible and available, and can provide support and awareness and prevention of cancer.
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