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The decision was shocking and surprising for Egyptians and Israelis, the same surprise that hit the whole world, especially the Arab world.
On November 9, 1977, Sadat stood under the dome of the Egyptian People's Assembly and declared in an official speech: "Israel will be surprised when you hear me." I say now that I am ready to go to the home them and discuss them. "
Indeed, everyone was surprised to learn that he was applauding a large number of members of the People's Assembly at the time, while the President of the PLO, Yasser Arafat, present on the Council, was stunned.
This speech and Sadat's subsequent visit to Israel resulted in the Arabs breaking off Egypt and transferring the Arab League's headquarters to Tunisia.
Sadat tickles the feelings and carries a new message
It was only a week before Prime Minister Benyamin Begin formally invited Sadat to Israel, an invitation to be presented on November 19, 1977.
President Sadat's plane landed at Ben Gurion's Tel Aviv airport at a crucial moment in Egypt's relations with Israel, as well as Egypt's relations with its Arab environment and the history of the Arab-Israeli conflict.
At the airport, Sadat was officially and popularly received, while many Tel Aviv residents came to see the first Arab president visit their country, heading for a large procession to the Israeli Knesset, while its residents stood on each side of the road carrying Israeli and Egyptian flags. A letter of this kind, a message of peace that puts an end to the terror in which they live for 30 years of hostility between Israel and the Arab world.
In parliament, Sadat has stopped delivering the most important speech, claiming that "there is Arab land occupied and occupied by Israel by armed force and we insist that it be completely withdrawn, including Arab Jerusalem ". In another part of the speech, Sadat called for peace. All of us, on the Arab land and in Israel, and everywhere in the land of the great world, bloody conflicts, sharp contradictions and destructive wars threaten from time to time. "
"The spirit of war is the spirit of man, whether Arab or Israeli," said Sadat. "The pregnant woman is a human being who has the right to live in a happy family, be it Arab or Israeli." Innocent children who lack care Parents and their compassion are all our children, on the land of the Arabs or in Israel. They have a great responsibility to provide the present and the beautiful tomorrow to produce our societies, and that is safe and reassuring. "
Sadat closed his speech for half an hour. "I bring you the message of peace, the message of the Egyptian people, who do not know the intolerance, whose sons are Muslims, Christians and Jews, in a spirit of affection, of Love and tolerance All men, women and children in Israel have encouraged your leaders to fight for peace Instead of building strongholds and fortifications with destructive missiles, let the whole world, the image of the new be human in this part of the world, tell your children that the past is the last war and the end of the pain, and that what is coming is the new beginning of the new life of love. the bereaved mother and you, the lost wife, the son who lost the brother and the father, all the victims of the wars that filled the earth and the space, the path of peace, the hearts and the hearts, the hopes of peace.
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Egyptian President Anwar Sadat and Israeli Prime Minister Menachem Begin and the signing of the Camp David Accords
That did not stop there, but a series of meetings between Egyptian and Israeli officials began to negotiate Israel's withdrawal from the entire Egyptian territory occupied by Israel during the 1967 war. in the Middle-East. As well as the situation in the Gaza Strip and the West Bank and the relations of Israel with the Arab countries.
These meetings and discussions almost ended in a stalemate in the face of the insistence of the Israeli side not to accept a total withdrawal from the territories it occupied in Egyptian Sinai, compensated for by the fact that it was the only way to do so. insistence of the Egyptian side on his demands and the intervention of US President Jimmy Carter and called Sadat and Begin at meetings at Camp David.
The Egyptian and Israeli delegations arrived at Camp David on September 5, 1978. On March 26, 1979, a historic peace treaty between Israel and Egypt was signed in Washington.
Approach Israel and stay away from the Arabs
After Sadat's visit to Israel and his explicit announcement of his serious intention to achieve peace with Israel, reactions in most Arab capitals were rejected In November 1978, an Arab summit was held in Baghdad, in the presence of Arab leaders, the summit decided to move the headquarters of the Arab League of Cairo and suspend the accession of Egypt.
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US President Jimmy Carter, Egyptian President Anwar Sadat, Israeli Prime Minister Menachem Begin and their wives at the White House
At the signing of the peace agreement on March 26, 1979, the Arab states announced the break-up of relations with Egypt, including the suspension of flights, the boycott of Egyptian products and the non-treatment of foreigners. individuals. The Arab League then decided to consider Tunisia as the official seat of the Arab League. At the university, which remained in office until 1990. Sadat was attacked by the media in most Arab countries and also attacked the leaders of the Arab countries, especially at the Saudi Arabia, which he considered the leader of the front, rejecting what he had done at Camp David.
In March 1990, the headquarters of the League of Arab States returned to Cairo with the convening of the emergency conference of Casablanca, which was later elected Secretary-General of the League of Arab States, Esmat Abdelmajid, and the decisions the 1978 Baghdad Summit ended in practice.
Resignation and resignation of ministers and ambassadors … an inner shock too
Since Sadat's declaration to go to Israel, to officially organize the visit, and even the signing of the peace agreement between Israel and Egypt, the shock has affected the government structure Egyptian. Before Sadat's visit to Israel, the Egyptian Minister of Foreign Affairs resigned from his post. Escort Sadat during her visit to Tel Aviv.
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Egyptian President Anwar Sadat, US President Jimmy Carter and Israeli Prime Minister Menachem Begin
"He wanted to go to Jerusalem and never mentioned the reason," wrote Fahmi in a memoir written in a book titled "Negotiating for Peace in the Middle East": "He wanted to go to Jerusalem without mentioning the reason The end that he had no choice but to go to Jerusalem, and was not convinced that the Middle East issue would be dissolved and suddenly resolved his trip. "
Sadat accepted the resignation of Fahmi and decided to appoint the Minister of State for Foreign Affairs Mohammed Riyadh. State television announced the new Republican decision to appoint Ambassador Mohammed Riyadh to the post of Minister of State for Foreign Affairs, but a new announcement was announced a few hours later.
The Egyptian Minister of Foreign Affairs remained vacant until 25 December 1977, when Ambassador Mohamed Ibrahim Kamel was appointed Minister for Foreign Affairs. Kamel went the next day to participate in the Ismaili talks between Egypt and Israel, before traveling to the United States with President Sadat. Camp David talks between Sadat and US President Carter and Menachem Begin.
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The Camp David Accords
On September 16, the Egyptian Minister of Foreign Affairs, Mohamed Kamel, handed over his resignation to President Sadat after a half-hour conversation, but Sadat asked him not to announce it before their return and the delegation in Cairo. The Egyptian and Israeli delegations left Camp David on 17 September and announced the resignation of Mohamed Ibrahim Kamel.
The minister, who has been in power for nearly 10 months, wrote his memoirs and published them in a book entitled "The lost peace in the Camp David Accords", in which he described in detail what happened to him in during the period that saw the signing of the first Arab-Israeli peace agreement in history. In his memoirs: "I arrived at the end of the day and a decisive decision must be made regarding my position in Sadat, I have exhausted all my efforts and therefore more than my energy to try to maintain our position vis-à-vis -vis of erosion. "
"The problem does not lie in Israel 's hard line or in American submission to Israel, but in Sadat himself, he' s completely surrendered to President Carter, while the latter s'. is returned to Begin's rival, "he said.
Kamel described what happened at Camp David as a "massacre of concessions", claiming that "the preemption of Sadat is far from being a just peace".
Following the signing of the agreement, Lieutenant-General Saad Eddin Al-Shazly (chief of staff of the Egyptian armed forces from 16 May 1971 to 13 December 1973) declared himself ambassador to Portugal and is removed from politics.
Two weeks after the signing of the Camp David agreement, Sadat decreed the resignation of the army minister, Marshal Mohamed Abdelghani El-Jamsi, and decided to replace the post of War Minister with " Defense Minister".
"At the national level, the agreement and the peace treaty between Egypt and Israel have given us back severe restrictions that place Israel in the strongest strategic position." Two weeks after the signing of the agreement, Sadat said: "A new phase has begun in Egypt calling for a global change of state organs."
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