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According to figures from the Lebanese Ministry of Health, Lebanon records more than 1,000 new cases of prostate cancer, while doctors register a larger proportion, where the number of infections exceeds this figure, due to the lack of early diagnosis or detection of advanced prostate cancer. Despite the lack of accurate statistics on cancer cases in Lebanon, this has not prevented Lebanon from recording a high rate of prostate cancer compared to other Arab countries.
The lack of early diagnosis is the first enemy of prostate cancer, according to a study conducted by the American University of Beirut to assess the condition of patients when consulting a doctor at the American University Hospital, which revealed that a large proportion of them had advanced prostate cancer, reaching 15 to 20%. Although it does not exceed 5% in America.
No symptoms in the early stages
Thus, the biggest challenge is early diagnosis in the absence of early warning signs of early prostate cancer, said Urologist and Robotic Surgery at the American University Hospital in Beirut (AUB).
"The problem of prostate cancer is the absence of early symptoms in the early stages.The tumor is small and therefore shows no early signs of infection.However, if the patient is suffering from a benign prostatic hypertrophy, it may appear symptoms having nothing to do with the symptoms of cancer.
If it does not seem Cancer symptoms On the patient except in advanced stages and more particularly:
Difficulty urinating
* Blood in the urine
* Low flow of urine and fire in the urine.
* Back pain and pelvic area in case of cancer of the bone.
"Early detection of prostate cancer involves the PSA test, which can detect the level of protein produced by the prostate and can reveal high rates of prostate cancer or the result of non-cancerous cases such as prostatitis" says the specialist in urology and robotic surgery at the American University Hospital in Beirut. Or most men have a PSA lower than 4 ng / ml and we need to know that PSA increases to more than 4 or if a rapid increase in PSA in one year, even if less than 4 can lead to a diagnosis of cancer. Prostate stage early and subsequent treatment.
The test is also recommended for people over 50 years of age or with risk factors such as family history or estates (40 years), after consultation with a specialist in urology.
Therefore, the first recommended test is the PSA test. The doctor will also examine the rectum test or finger exam, which may reveal a cancerous tumor without necessarily increasing the PSA.
Factors that increase the risk of infection
Prostate cancer ranks second worldwide in men after lung cancer, while it is one of the most prevalent cancers in Lebanon.
According to Hajj, some factors increase the risk of prostate cancer, including:
* The prolonged life: Prostate cancer is an age-dependent disease, which means that the risk of infection increases with age. The risk of prostate cancer increases in men over 50 years.
* Heritage and family history: Genetic inheritance will increase the risk of cancer.
* Diet rich in protein and fat Increases the risk of prostate cancer.
* Smoking An indirect relationship with the risk of prostate cancer.
* L & # 39; obesity: Shows a link between obesity and prostate cancer.
Studies show that prostate cancer rates are higher than those in neighboring countries and that the reason is that, according to Al-Haj, "the difference between genes among men, cancer awareness and the need for Early detection, is linked to an unhealthy diet high in fat and protein.In Japan, a study was conducted on the Japanese population living in America and revealed that their lifestyle was different from that of Japan and therefore presented a higher risk than Japanese living in Japan.
Types of treatment depending on the degree of cancer
The tests revealed that the most vulnerable segment of prostate cancer is between the ages of 55 and 75, with a few exceptions in the case of family history.
"The type of cancer and its degree are the basis for determining the type of treatment and the success rate.If the cancer is limited to the prostate, the recovery rate up to the limit of 90-95% Therefore , different treatments depending on the tumor and the patient's condition are in the following boxes:
* Permanent and effective surveillance: If the tumor is first class and the type of cancer is not violent, in addition to certain criteria (mesothelioma, low PSA, etc.), the patient is tested for PSA every 3 weeks. month. Every year, the image of magnetic resonance and prostate biopsy is the first year. We must undergo surgery for them.
* First and second: Among these modern technologies, the robot technique for tumor eradication is at the top of the list of advanced treatments that have proven effective and accurate in treating prostate cancer with fewer complications and amazing results.
* Radiotherapy: The patient can follow radiotherapy sessions in addition to postoperative treatment, or use radiotherapy directly without surgery depending on his age and state of health (chronic diseases, heart disease …) and the stage of cancer. Radiation treatment is accompanied by hormone treatment by injection (6 months for the first stage and the second and 2 years for the third stage of cancer).
* Fourth year: In advanced cases where the cancer has spread to other organs (lymph nodes, bones …), we use a hormonal injection and chemotherapy.
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