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The World Health Organization has said cardiovascular diseases, such as heart attacks and strokes, are the leading cause of death worldwide, with around 18 million people dying each year.
The organization has stressed the need for a healthy lifestyle to avoid heart disease, which is the cause of about 31% of all deaths worldwide each year.
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And a tweet added, via the official World Health Organization Twitter account, that high blood pressure is a leading cause of heart attacks and strokes, explaining that around 1 , 1 billion people have high blood pressure worldwide, or about 22 in 100 adults, Only 4 of them seek to control their blood pressure through healthy and therapeutic diets.
Important tips
The World Health Organization has also advised patients to continue to measure their blood pressure and seek specialist medical attention, while taking care to take the prescribed medications as treatment.
In another tweet, the organization highlighted the need to avoid risk factors and track health systems such as:
– Stop smoking
Avoid unhealthy eating
– Get rid of obesity
– Reduce your salt intake
Reduce or refrain from saturated fat
Avoid physical inactivity
Heart disease
A report published on the official website of the organization also discusses in detail the types of heart disease as follows:
* coronary disease Diseases affecting the blood vessels that supply the heart muscle
* Cerebrovascular disease Diseases affecting the vessels that supply the brain
* Peripheral artery disease Diseases affecting the blood vessels that supply the arms and legs
* rheumatic heart disease Damage to heart muscle and heart valves due to rheumatic fever caused by streptococcus bacteria
* congenital heart disease Abnormalities seen at birth in the heart skeleton
* Deep vein thrombosis or pulmonary embolism – Blood clots which appear in the veins of the legs, which can travel to the heart and lungs.
Heart attacks and strokes are usually serious events and are mainly caused by a blockage that prevents blood from flowing to the heart or brain. One of the most common causes of this blockage is the formation of fatty deposits in the inner walls of the vessels that supply the heart or brain. Strokes can also occur as a result of bleeding from a blood vessel in the brain or blood clots.
Heart attacks and strokes are usually caused by a combination of risk factors, such as smoking, poor diet, obesity, physical inactivity, excessively high blood pressure, diabetes, and high blood lipids.
Common symptoms of cardiovascular disease
In most cases, there are no symptoms that warn of underlying diseases affecting the blood vessels. A heart attack or stroke can be the first warning of these diseases. Symptoms of a heart attack include:
• Pain in the center of the chest
• Pain in the arms, left shoulder, elbows, jaw or back.
Difficulty breathing or shortness of breath
• Nausea or vomiting
Dizziness or fainting
• Cold sweats and pale face
• Symptoms experienced by women in particular include shortness of breath, nausea, vomiting, and back or jaw pain.
The most common symptom of a stroke is sudden weakness in the face, arm, or leg, often on one side of the body. Other symptoms include a sudden sensation of:
• Numbness of the face, arm or leg, especially on one side of the body
Stuttering or difficulty speaking or understanding the speech of others
• Difficulty seeing in one or both eyes
Difficulty walking, dizziness or loss of balance
Severe headache for no apparent reason
Passing out or losing consciousness
People who have these symptoms should see a doctor immediately.
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Secondary prevention of heart disease
As for the secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease in people who already have it, including patients with diabetes, treatment with the following drugs is required – of course, through the attending physicians of the patient’s condition:
• aspirin
• Beta-blockers
Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors
and statins
The benefits of these interventions are largely independent, but when used in combination with smoking cessation, recurrent events can be prevented by 75%. However, there are currently significant gaps in the implementation of these interventions, especially at the primary health care level.
surgical interventions
Treatment of cardiovascular disease sometimes requires surgical procedures, as follows:
Coronary artery bypass surgery
• Balloon vascular grafting
• Valve repair or replacement
• Artificial heart transplants
And requires the treatment of certain diseases of the heart and blood vessels the use of medical devices. These devices include pacemakers, replacement valves, and patches to plug holes in the heart.
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