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Uprisings and popular demonstrations in the Arab-Islamic world since the Arab Spring 2011 and up to Algeria
04/04/2019
From Algeria, which is witnessing an unprecedented protest movement Syria What knows a bloody conflict, saw several Arab countries Popular movements demanding democratic reforms.
Only Tunisia has been able to strengthen its democracy Eight years after the beginning of the "Arab Spring", other countries have sunk into war, repression or chaos.
On December 17, 2010, the police-led fire, desperation, poverty and police harassment sparked a popular uprising that culminated on January 14, 2011 with the fall of Zine El Abidine Ben Ali after 23 years of power. .
In 2014, Tunisia adopted a new constitution and then held legislative elections won by the Tunisian anti-Islamist appeal, in return for the decline of the Renaissance Party, which had a parliamentary majority. In December, Baiji was elected president by universal suffrage.
Tunisia witnessed three major attacks by the Organization of the Islamic State in 2015, but the security situation has improved. Presidential and legislative elections are scheduled for autumn 2019.
On January 25, 2011, mass demonstrations began against Hosni Mubarak, who has ruled the country for more than 30 years. After 18 days of popular revolt during which about 850 people were killed, Mubarak transferred power to the army in February.
In June 2012, Mohamed Morsi, a candidate of the Muslim Brotherhood, was elected the first Islamic president of the republic in Egypt. But after a year of political crises and protests, Marassi was ousted by a military coup headed by Abdul Fattah al-Sisi.
The Muslim Brotherhood has become the target of severe repression. According to Amnesty International, 1,400 people were killed in seven months, most of them Islamist protesters.
Sisi, a human rights organization elected in 2014 and re-elected in 2018, accuses it of having put in place a deeply oppressive regime against secular opposition, media and media. activists.
On 27 January 2011, a demonstration was launched, attended by tens of thousands of Yemenis, demanding the departure of President Ali Abdullah Saleh. In February 2012, he handed power to his MP Abed Rabbo Mansour Hadi, after 33 years in power.
In 2014, Houthi rebels took control of vast lands in the country, including the capital, Sanaa. In March 2015, Saudi Arabia intervened at the head of an Arab and Islamic alliance in the Yemeni conflict to stop the Huthis' advance.
Since then, the conflict has claimed the lives of more than 10,000 people, according to the World Health Organization. Ten million people live on the edge of famine.
On February 14, 2011, protesters gathered at the Pearl Roundabout in Manama to demand political reforms and better political representation of the Shia majority in the country ruled by the Sunni monarchy. The protest lasted about a month before protesters were forcibly repressed. The little kingdom has since been sporadic.
Trials against dissidents have been doubled and human rights groups have condemned these unfair trials. Hundreds of dissidents are currently in prison, some of whom have been stripped of Bahraini nationality.
From February 15 to 17, 2011, unprecedented protests against the regime of Muammar Gaddafi were violently repressed, particularly in Benghazi, in the east of the country. The uprising turned into an armed conflict that in August led to the fall of Tripoli with NATO military support. On October 20, Gaddafi was killed in Sirte, his hometown, while he was trying to escape.
The country currently has two powers in conflict: the national reconciliation government, based in Tripoli and internationally recognized, and another parallel government in the east of the country.
The country is also torn by conflicts between a large number of armed groups. And organized the Islamic State of Sirte a few months before being expelled in late 2016.
Syria has been living a devastating war for eight years, claiming the lives of 370,000 people and displacing 13 million people.
On March 15, 2011, dozens of people took to the streets of Damascus to demand "freedom". Demonstrations calling for democratic reforms have spread to other parts of the country led by the Assad family since 1971. Bashar al-Assad succeeded his father Hafez in 2000 after his death.
The uprising degenerated into a bloody war in 2012. Between 2013 and 2014, radical Islamist groups such as Al-Qaeda's Al-Ansar Front and the Organization of the Islamic State acquired much of power, drawing the world's attention to the dissidents. .
With the support of Russia, Iranian and Lebanese Hezbollah, the Syrian regime has been able to recover land seized by opponents and some territories of the Islamic State and currently controls two-thirds of the country.
On March 23, 2019, the democratic forces of the International Alliance led by Washington and backed by Syria announced – at the end of a long offensive – the end of the caliphate declared by the United States. Organization of the Islamic State in areas that it controlled in Iraq and Syria.
On February 22, 2019, after leading the country since 1999, thousands of people took to the streets to protest against the candidacy of Abdelaziz Bouteflika for president. The latter has suffered a cerebrovascular accident since 2013.
Bouteflika changed his candidacy on March 11 and postponed indefinitely the presidential elections scheduled for April 18. This prompted Algerians to continue the unprecedented protest in the country.
On March 26, Lieutenant-General Ahmed Kayed Saleh, chief of staff of the Algerian army, suggested a constitutional solution to get out of the crisis, namely the application of the law. Article 102 of the Constitution, which sets out the procedures to be followed to declare the impossibility for the President to perform his duties.
On April 1, the Algerian presidency announced that Mr. Bouteflika would resign before the end of his fourth term on April 28.
On April 2, the boss Saleh called for "the immediate implementation of the constitutional solution" that allows the removal of the president. According to the army, the statement issued Monday 01/04/2019 by the presidency announcing the resignation of the Algerian president before the end of his term "issued by unconstitutional and unauthorized bodies", and not the country's president.
The official Algerian press reported Tuesday night that Bouteflika informed the Constitutional Council of his resignation the same day. AFP
Read more: selected articles on Qantara website
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