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The historical error which continues to this day is to consider “Sykes-Picot” as the beginning and the end of this fragmentation, and not as a continuation. The Ottomans had previously divided the Levant into several parts, and perhaps the last division of it remained in effect until the demise of the empire, and it is as follows:
A- The province of Al-Sham, which included the south of Maarat al-Numan to the Red Sea, along the borders of Sinai, the region of Tabuk and the Bekaa valley.
B- The Wilayat of Aleppo, which includes Maarat al-Nu’man, Al-Bustan, Marash, the Iskenderun Brigade, Aintep and Al-Bireh
C- The state of Beirut, including Beirut and its surroundings, Balqa, Acre, Tripoli, the Levant and Latakia, and there were several sanjaks, for example, the Sanjak Mutasarifah of Lebanon and the Sanjak of Jerusalem.
The difference between this division and what came after it is that Turkish colonialism kept the single currency, as well as foreign policy in its hands and the appointment of Turkish governors.
French colonialism replaced Turkish colonialism in Syria, even though its name was a mandate to mitigate it. And he had occupied the Arab Maghreb countries before, and the British colonialists settled in Palestine, and he had occupied Iraq before and before that Egypt and Sudan. It should be noted here that Antep and Maraş were considered part of Syria by the Sevre Treaty in 1920, then they were annexed to Turkey at Ataturk’s request in the Lausanne Treaty in 1923. As for the Alexandretta Brigade, it was annexed to Turkey in 1939. Following an open conspiracy between Turkey and colonial France.
The Arabs believed that “Sykes-Picot” was the end, but they were wrong, as usual. As soon as the French mandate imposed its existence, after the victory of the French in the famous battle of Maysaloun, it quickly divided Syria on a sectarian basis into the following countries: the state of Damascus 1920-1925, the state of ‘Aleppo 1920-1925, the state of Jabal Al-Alawites 1920-1936, the state of Jabal Al Arab 1920-1936, the province of Jazeera and the state of Greater Lebanon 1920-1936, which included in addition to the Mount -Lebanon Beirut the capital with its districts of Sidon, Tire, Marjayoun, Tripoli, Akkar and Bekaa with its four districts of Baalbek, Bekaa, Rashaya and Hasbaya, then transformed into the Lebanese Republic, which It had no independence except the last name. Each of these countries had a flag, a capital, a government, a parliament and a national holiday. This division failed due to the fierce resistance it encountered, and these countries were re-annexed in the name of the Syrian Republic, with the exception of Greater Lebanon, which became the Lebanese Republic despite opposition from the Muslims and their demands at the famous Sahel conference, held on 3/10/1936, for unity with Syria, in which representatives from Beirut, Tripoli, Akkar, Saida, Tire, Jabal participated Amel and the four districts. However, World War II united the Lebanese who gained independence on November 22, 1942.
As for Palestine, its cause is considered to be the first problem of the Arabs, and its history is well known and need not be referred to in detail, and this is the clearest proof of the conspiracy of the Arab rulers. with Great Britain first, then with America, then with the whole West to divide it. This division, which is not yet over, and the attempt to annex the Zionist colonies to the enemy entity is still in full swing. There is no solution except through armed resistance to this blatant aggression.
As for Transjordan, the British invented an emirate to please Sharif Hussein Abdullah’s son, after having satisfied his brother Faisal by appointing him king of Iraq. Prince Abdullah was not happy with the emirate, so how did his brother become king and remain a prince? His request won the blessing of British colonialism, so that the Emirate of Jordan became the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan, and it had an army led by the English, Klopp Pasha! It should be noted that the general command of the 1948 war was given to King Abdullah, and that his successor, of course, was Klopp Pasha of England! This resulted in the creation of the Zionist entity, which the Soviet Union, the United States and many countries were quick to recognize, and each of these countries has goals and ambitions in the Arab world.
The next step: I must, at the outset, mention that every country in the world is subject to the division or loss of part of its land, and perhaps the two most striking examples of this are Yugoslavia, which was divided into seven states and Czechoslovakia, which was divided into two states, and there are other countries which have advanced a similar division. , Such as UK, Spain and others. In addition, many countries lost parts of their land, as happened after World War II.
As for the Arab world, each Arab country is subject to division, and here are the details:
Palestine: the creation of the Zionist entity, which led to the separation of the Arabs of Asia from the Arabs of Africa. And it was a big blow that we still suffer today. In addition, the Zionist entity annexed the West Bank and Gaza Strip after losing the Arabs in the 1967 war, and the entity also annexed East Jerusalem, and then the United States recognized Jerusalem in its entirety as capital of Israel, December 6, 2017. It should be noted that the Arab position towards this recognition was weak at the highest official level, but at the popular level it was weak, except in Palestine and by certain parties and bodies in the Arab world. The enemy is now seeking to annex the Zionist settlements that have been established in the West Bank, which constitute about a third.
Syria: The Zionist entity annexed the Golan Heights on December 14, 1981 and the United States accepted it on March 25, 2019. As we mentioned earlier, there are lands that have been cut off from Syria and annexed by Turkey, namely Eintab and Barash in 1923, and the Alexandretta Brigade in 1939. As for the current situation, it is difficult to arrive at what will result from the fragmentation, because the conflict and Tenach still exist. between several major and regional countries wanted to ensure them a share, whether it was influence or land from Syrian territory. However, it has become clear that Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan wants to control a significant part of Syria, especially in Idlib, and that the Syrian Kurds have ambitions which are manifested in their demand for autonomy. As for the United States, Russia and Iran, they are expanding their influence in the beating heart of Arabism.
Iraq: After playing on sectarian and ethnic ropes, we can say that there is a real danger of dividing Iraq into three parts between Shiites, Sunnis and Kurds. This is what the United States has sought and has not been able to achieve so far, without forgetting the Turkish ambitions in certain Iraqi lands.
In this article, we cannot circle all Arab countries except to highlight the following points:
Jordan remains part of Greater Syria, and it is a weak state that still needs help, knowing that the Zionist entity seeks to transform it into one that includes some remaining parts of the West Bank, as a solution to the slogan of the two states.
As for the Gulf States and Saudi Arabia, they will remain a target of fragmentation, despite their absolute loyalty to the West. As for the parts, it could be Najd, Hijaz and maybe Asir. And Yemen, which was originally divided into north and south, may return to that division with additions that include some of the countries in the regions currently in revolt.
Moving to the Arab countries of Africa, one can observe the following:
– Concerning Egypt, there is a current, as weak as it is, which calls for the separation of the Copts from the Egyptian state, except that there is a dispute which remains calm on the region of Halayeb between Egypt and Sudan, and that there are serious efforts to weaken Egypt, whether through the determination of Ethiopia, which is penetrated by Israel, to erect an Ennahda dam, or via Libya, to l clearly Turkish instigation.
Sudan is divided between north and south, and the north is still exposed to many tribal dangers.
Libya: the possibility of its splitting into several countries is seriously discussed. The war now ostensibly between “Al-Wefaq” and Khalifa Haftar is a reflection of the conflict between several countries, notably France and Italy, and Turkey is supported by Qatar, and Egypt is supported by Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates.
Maghreb countries: The main problem here can be summed up in one word: the Berbers, previously known as the Berbers. France – the former colonialist who was expelled from Morocco, after many revolutions of the peoples of this region, and who did not distinguish between Arab and Berber – came back from the window, trying to differentiate between Arabs and Berbers, and it seems that she received a response from certain directions.
In conclusion, I would like to conclude with two statements: The attempts to divide the Arab world will continue. It may stop for a while, but it is a strategic goal for the big countries and countries in the region, because this country has two advantages that no other country in the world hardly enjoys. These are the enormous wealth of oil, gas and minerals that this homeland contains, as well as the strategic corridors of world trade, most of which it controls. The second feature is the protection of the Zionist entity and its support by the colonial countries, so that it becomes the industrial and technological center of the region surrounded by small conflicting Arab states, which inevitably prevents the formation of a single one. Arab state.
What saddens me as an Arab is that I watch the Arab-Arab conflicts escalate, as some of us jostle on the road to normalization with the Zionist entity, which makes him makes it easier to realize its slogan “From the Euphrates to the Nile, your borders, O Israel.” And the Arabs, all Arabs, do not know what is planned for them.
* Lebanese writer and politician
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