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A new examination reveals cancer in just 10 minutes, using very small gold particles to attract malignant cells and detect the disease, in a simple way for the patient without having to undergo biopsy without pain.
Scientists at the University of Queensland in Australia have developed a comprehensive cancer test that can detect all traces of the disease in human blood.
The simple, inexpensive and liquid-color test is used to detect the presence of malignant cancer cells anywhere in the body, and the results appear in less than 10 minutes.
The test is still under development, but it relies on a radically new cancer detection method, which routine screening can simplify for doctors.
New screening reveals cancer in 10 minutes and 90% accuracy
"The most important benefit of this test is that it is very economical and simple, so it will be easy to implement in a clinic," says Laura Carraskosa, researcher at the University of Queensland. , in Australia.
The sensitivity of this test to 90%, that is to say, it reveals 90 cases of cancer in 100.
It can then be used as a preliminary cancer screening and doctors will then follow confirmed infection cases with more accurate tests.
"This technique can be used as a screening tool that tells doctors that the patient may have cancer, but they will have to do other tests to determine the type and stage of the cancer," she said. .
The secret lies in the DNA of cancerous and normal cells
The test became possible after the research team at the University of Queensland discovered that there was a clear difference between the DNA of the cancer cells and the cells' DNA. normal in terms of adhesion to metal surfaces.
The team has therefore developed a test to distinguish healthy cells from cancer cells, even small residues of cancerous DNA reaching the circulatory system.
Healthy cells in the body confirm their proper functioning by cloning their DNA with molecules called methyl groups, which act as a sound controller.
Genes of unwanted genes are silenced, while other genes are high.
In cancer cells, this cloning process breaks down and allows genes that contribute to cancer growth only by acting.
While the methyl groups are disseminated on the DNA of healthy cells, the DNA is almost free of cancer cells from these molecules and is found only in small concentrations at specific locations.
"It's a huge discovery, never done before"
In Nature Communications, the Queensland team published an explanation of a series of tests that confirmed a specific pattern of methyl groups in the breast, prostate, colon and rectum cases, as well as lymphoma .
The tests also showed that this type of methyl groups had a significant impact on the chemical composition of the DNA.
This causes the cancer cells to behave differently than normal cells in the water.
"It's a huge discovery that no one has ever seen before," she said.
Gold attracts cancer cells to expose them
After a series of experiments, scientists have developed a new cancer screening based on the addition of questionable DNA in water containing gold microparticles.
Although they are golden, the molecules transform the color of the water into pink.
If we add a nucleic acid from cancer cells, it will stick on the nanoparticles so that the water regains its original color.
However, if we add a nuclear acid from healthy cells, it will combine with molecules in a different way that transfers water to blue.
"The test is accurate enough to detect the very low levels of cancer cell DNA in the sample," she said.
This may be the first line of screening to diagnose the disease
The team conducted the review led by Matt Trouw, professor of chemistry at the University of Queensland, on 200 samples of cancer-tolerant and healthy human DNA.
"Of course, we do not know yet if this test is the magic wand to diagnose all cancers, but it seems interesting as a very simple universal indicator of cancer detection, an inexpensive and easy to implement technique. work that does not require complex laboratory equipment like sequencing of DNA, "said Trouw. .
Scientists are now looking for additional clinical trials on patients belonging to different types of species that they have tested in advance.
It is not necessary to penetrate the tissue or to obtain biopsies
Doctors need a cancer screening test these days to get a tissue biopsy from a potential patient.
This process requires tissue ingrowth, depending on the patient's observation of a block or complaint of symptoms that the doctor suspects of being a cancer.
However, this new test has the potential to detect cancer quickly without having to enter the tissues, suggesting that it could change the way cancer patients are screened.
Due to its development, it is possible to know the type and stage of cancer
Mutations in cancerous DNA can lead to tumor growth and these mutations usually vary depending on the type of cancer.
A complete cancer analysis may not be accurate enough to determine the location or size of the tumor, but may give physicians a quick answer to the following question: Does this patient have cancer or not?
"This test and other simple tests can be combined into a powerful diagnostic tool that can tell us if a patient is suffering from cancer and also reveal the type and stage of the cancer," Karaskosa said. .
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