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From Syria, which is experiencing a bloody conflict in Algeria, which is witnessing an unprecedented protest, only Tunisia has been able to strengthen its democracy eight years after the start of the "Arab Spring". Other Arab countries whose sons took to the streets to demand democratic reforms found themselves in war or in repression and chaos.
The spark of Tunisia
On December 17, 2010, a street vendor was burned by desperation, poverty and police harassment. This popular uprising culminated on January 14, 2014 with the fall of Zine El Abidine Ben Ali after 23 years of reign. In 2014, Tunisia adopted a new constitution and then held legislative elections won by the Tunisian anti-Islamist appeal, in return for the decline of the Renaissance Party, which had a parliamentary majority. In December, Baiji was elected president by universal suffrage. Tunisia witnessed attacks from the Organization of the Islamic State in 2015, but the security situation has improved. Presidential and legislative elections are scheduled for autumn.
Suppression in Egypt
On January 25, 2011, mass demonstrations began against Hosni Mubarak, who has ruled the country for more than 30 years. After 18 days of popular revolt during which about 850 people were killed, Mubarak transferred power to the army in February. In June 2012, Mohamed Morsi, Juma candidate of the Muslim Brotherhood, was elected the first Islamic president of the republic in Egypt. But after a year of crisis and political protests, Marassi was overthrown by a military coup headed by Abdel Fattah al-Sisi. The Muslim Brotherhood has become the target of severe repression. According to Amnesty International, 1,400 people were killed in seven months, most of them Islamist protesters. Sisi, a human rights organization elected in 2014 and re-elected in 2018, accuses it of having put in place a deeply oppressive regime against secular opposition, media and media. activists.
Yemen is on the verge of starvation
On January 27, 2011, tens of thousands of Yemenis began a protest demanding the departure of President Ali Abdullah Saleh. The latter handed power to his deputy, Abed Rabbo Mansour Hadi, after 33 years of rule. In 2014, Houthi rebels took control of vast lands in the country, including the capital, Sanaa. In March 2015, Saudi Arabia intervened at the head of an Arab and Islamic alliance in the Yemeni conflict to stop the Huthis' advance. Since then, the conflict has claimed the lives of more than 10,000 people, according to the World Health Organization. Ten million people live on the edge of famine.
Bahrain protest
On February 14, 2011, protesters gathered at the Pearl Square in Manama to demand political reforms and better political representation of the Shia majority in the country ruled by the Sunni monarchy. The protest lasted about a month before protesters were forcibly repressed. The little kingdom has since been sporadic. Trials against dissidents have been doubled and human rights groups have condemned these unfair trials. Hundreds of dissidents are currently in prison, some of whom have been stripped of Bahraini nationality.
The chaos of Libya
From February 15 to 17, 2011, unprecedented protests against the regime of Muammar Gaddafi were violently repressed, particularly in Benghazi, in the east of the country. The uprising turned into an armed conflict that in August led to the fall of Tripoli with NATO military support. On October 20, Gaddafi was killed in Sirte, his hometown, while he was trying to escape. The country is currently ruled by two conflicting powers: the internationally recognized national unity government, Tripoli, and another government in the east of the country. The country is also torn by conflicts between a large number of armed groups. And organized the Islamic State of Sirte a few months before being expelled in late 2016.
Syria torn apart by war
Syria has been living a devastating war for eight years, claiming the lives of 370,000 people and displacing 13 million people. On March 15, 2011, dozens of people took to the streets of Damascus to demand "freedom". Demonstrations calling for democratic reforms have spread to other parts of the country led by the Assad family since 1971. Bashar al-Assad succeeded his father Hafez in 2000 after his death. The uprising degenerated into a bloody war in 2012. Between 2013 and 2014, radical Islamist groups such as the Al-Ansar Al-Qaeda Front and the Organization of the Islamic State acquired much of power, drawing the world's attention to the dissidents. . With the support of Russia, Iranian and Lebanese Hezbollah, the Syrian regime has been able to recover land seized by opponents and some territories of the Islamic State and currently controls two-thirds of the country. On the other hand, the Syrian democratic forces and their supporters, backed by Washington, are leading the recent fighting against the organization of the Islamic State.
Events in Algeria
On February 22, 2019, thousands protested against the candidacy of Abdelaziz Bouteflika for a fifth term. Bouteflika has been leading Algeria since 1999 and has suffered a stroke since 2013. Bouteflika amended his candidacy on March 11 and postponed the presidential election on April 18, thus extending his current term. This prompted Algerians to continue the unprecedented protest in the country.
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