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A recent study, the largest of its kind to date, reveals some responses to an old and common concept of illness: nature versus training.
Harvard scientists have searched data on 35 million Americans, including thousands of twins, whose cases have been followed for 24 years to identify genetically influenced diseases, as well as those most affected by the disease. ;environment.
In general, most diseases result from the way these two components interact. The environment can change the way genes express and genes can affect the way our body reacts to the environment.
However, many variations in this disease-based interaction have prompted Harvard scientists to intensify their research to identify the factors that have the greatest impact on the disease.
The new study found that cognitive problems were closely linked to the genetic code, while eye diseases were the most affected by the environment.
For more than 6,000 genetic cases, there is an obvious reason: a defect in one part of the genetic code.
The discovery of these targets was part of the goal of the vast global project "The Human Genome Project", completed in 2003. The mapping of the genome was considered a monumental achievement, but only part of the story.
The DNA of each individual is unique, the environments are more unique and the transformation is continuous, making the analysis very difficult.
The twins were an important topic in genetics because they provided a rare opportunity to see what happened to the DNA itself in different environments.
Harvard scientists collected data on 45 million people through an insurance information database. They compared genetic data as well as diagnostic and vital medical statistics (such as height and weight), enabling them to favor environmental influences such as socioeconomic status.
Although all information is important for the analysis, 56,000 pairs of twins presented some of the most important data points.
In any case, this large study does not solve the complex question of nature and education, but highlights a wide range of risk factors.
Approximately 40% of the diseases analyzed by the studies, including musculoskeletal, cognitive and physical disorders, as well as respiratory and reproductive disorders, were associated with a genetic component.
The environment (at least in part) has led to a quarter of the 560 diseases studied by the research team.
Genetics had little to do with developing sight disorders. In contrast, 27 out of 42 eye diseases were associated with the environment.
It was found that connective tissue diseases, such as arthritis, were less affected by DNA, while reproductive disorders were less affected by the environment of the body. individual. The opposite is true for mental illness, where 4 out of 5 were hereditary.
Genetic preparations predict about 60% of the time people spend on health care from month to month. Therefore, these genetic components can alter the environmental factor (socio-economic status), so as to increase the risk of disease.
Scientists have revealed that 34 out of 48 genetic diseases are determined according to the environment.
Overall, environmental factors were a weak indicator of genetic disease, according to pair-pair data.
The Harvard study, published in Nature Genetics, indicates that the socio-economic situation affects 145 different diseases, closely related to obesity.
The results also show that climate change continues to have significant impacts on our health.
Source: Daily Mail
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