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F the unprecedented collaboration between the Department of Economic Affairs of the African Union Commission (AU) and the Development Center of the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), the report on the "Dynamics of Development in Africa 2018", published on July 11, is presented as " an original reading chart of the development of Africa […] in view of the objectives defined by the Agenda 2063 of the African Union . The document focuses mainly on the indices relating to growth, the job market, and inequalities.
Unequivocal inequalities
In North Africa, Morocco comes in pole position at the level of inequalities. With a Gini coefficient (synthetic measure of income inequality within a population) the highest in the region: 40.3%
Other indicators are also taken into account to assess inequalities. Among these are access to health, education, or the index of " decent life ", the infant mortality rate, access to drinking water, to electricity and sanitation … All confirm Morocco's backwardness compared to its neighbors.
The rates " have progressed remarkably over the last two decades ", however
Informal and Low Value-Added Employment
In addition, the informal sector " accounted for 11% to 33% of GDP ", states the report. relies on the figures of the HCP and the CGEM. The authors of the report also note that informal employment, 60% of employment, " weakens a segment of the already precarious population, namely the poorest and women ". Thus in 2014, " on the population of working age, 52% of jobs were in the informal economy (ILO, 2014) ."
According to the OECD paper, " growth remains insufficient to converge towards full employment ". On average, the unemployment rate over the period 1990-2015 was 12.8% in North Africa. An average that does not move away from the Kingdom where the unemployment rate oscillated between 9 and 10% from 2009 to 2015.
The creation of added value via innovative industries remains " the main challenge " . To take this up, the authors of the report suggest that " remove barriers to the creation, but also to the growth of small businesses ", as well as boosting the entrepreneurship of young people and women.
Gently , but surely?
The growth of Morocco is characterized by its stability. It thus reveals itself " always superior to the average of the subregion, except between 1995 and 1999 ". This growth is " driven by the export of phosphate and fruit and vegetables to Europe, the rise of competitive services and an industry in full transformation ", the report notes.
A rare stability in a region where fluctuations are frequent. However, Morocco's growth remains weak, compared to that of emerging countries that have double-digit rates.
Still according to the report, productivity turns out " too weak to support sustainable growth " . The acceleration of productivity gains is overall sluggish in North Africa. Morocco thus posted 1.1%, behind Egypt (1.3%) and Tunisia (1.4%).
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