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Experts from the National University of Nuclear Research "MIFI" (NINU MIFI) develop radio-isotopic energy sources based on beta energy sources using the nanoparticles of the radioisotope nickel 63.
This will allow the production of 100 years of harmless nuclear batteries – for pacemakers, miniature sugar measurements or blood pressure, for remote telemetry systems of objects, micro-robots, and permanent self-employment, – announces the press service of the University.
The problem of miniaturization
Today, the search for the characteristics of nanoobjects is caused by the increased interest of the experts due to the tendency towards the miniaturization of technical devices, particularly in the field of nanoelectronics. Modern achievements in the field of micro and nano electromechanical systems (MEMS and NEMS), which combine in a single device nanoelectronic and mechanical components, such as drives, pumps or motors, can become promising for the production of microphysical, biological sensors However, the massive implementation of such devices is hampered by the lack of miniature power supply sources for the supply of electricity to microelectromechanical and nanoelectromechanical systems.
Today, scientists are actively exploring the possibility of mining. However, the dimensions of these power supplies are still too great for creating a true micro and nano system.
Radioisotope and / or nuclear batteries are sources of electrical current in which the energy of the radioactive decay of metastable elements – atomic nuclei – is converted into electrical energy. They are characterized by a higher energy density for a unit of mass and volume. The time of stable energy allocation varies in a wide tuning fork, depending on the type of nuclide.
Unique Properties of Nickel 63
One of the shortest ways of transforming the energy of nuclear disintegration into electricity is the thermoelectric conversion. However, scientists are actively studying the sources of beta energy supply that are very interesting for a practical application. The fact is that when using a miniaturized radioisotope power supply emitting a light beta radiation, it is easy to create a physical protection system for users and objects in close proximity to the radiation.
NIFI MIFI scientists investigated the electrophysical properties of the nickel-nickel film and determined the optimal experimental parameters for making an energy efficient beta 63 decay converter into electricity.
The nickel isotope 63 is one of the most promising beta-ultraviolet radionuclides. It is a milder beta-detector with a permanent half-life of 100.1 years. Therefore, nickel 63 is a unique element that is suitable for permanent power systems that do not require a high energy consumption.
From the hardware point of view, nickel is also a good metal, relatively plastic, relatively inert, easy to work a transport and storage container is needed.
According to scientists, increasing the efficiency of existing energy beta disintegrators 63 in electricity and finding alternative physical systems are very promising tasks of modern science.
The researchers created an original physical system that allows the efficient generation of secondary electrons directly in the nickel nanostructure layers and greatly increases the signal generated by the cascade of multiple inelastic collisions of beta particles, – stated the lecturer of the department physically Technical Problems of Metrology of the Institute of Laser and Plasma Technologies NINU MIFI Petar Borisjuk
"This system is relatively simple from the point of view of experimental realization and predicates
During research, the scientists concluded that the formation of nickel nanoparticles 63 with nanoparticle gradient distribution according to dimensions provides a unique opportunity to combine two important processes.First, surfaces with a fixed potential difference can be formed; which is determined by the difference in size of the na noparticles in a particular direction. Secondly, the conversion of the beta decay of nickel 63 to electron flux can be performed without the use of additional complicated semiconductor systems.
The results obtained by the scientists confirm that the formed nickel-nickel nickel film has unique properties. The field of application of radio-isotopic energy sources with thermoelectric conversion is virtually unlimited. It extends from very low power nuclear batteries to micro and nano electromechanical systems through pacemakers, miniature sugar meters or blood pressure, remote telemetry systems from infrastructure, microbots of specialties and varied uses, great depths and in the Far North regions.
Research scientists NIFI MIFI was carried out under the grant of the Russian Scientific Fund.
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