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As of February this year, many products containing kratom have been associated with a major outbreak of salmonellosis. The FDA has now completed its investigation for several months after identifying extremely high levels of salmonella contamination in collected and tested kratom products. This led to several reminders, including the first mandatory reminder order from the agency to a provider. In addition to the known addictive properties and serious damage associated with the use of kratom, the evidence from this survey indicates another significant risk with the use of kratom: salmonella.
Today, we provide a brief overview of the scientific analysis and how we arrived at these conclusions.
In February, the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) PulseNet identified an outbreak of Salmonella diseases ("Salmonella I 4, [5] 12: b: -") that initially involved 24 people . The diseases were linked to each other by the molecular fingerprinting of Salmonella I 4 bacteria, [5] 12: b: – using a laboratory technique called pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. Interviews conducted by local and national health departments in coordination with the CDC showed that a large proportion of patients reported recently consuming kratom, either in the form of capsules, powders or herbal remedies [19659004]. kratom they consumed before becoming ill available for testing. In other cases, patients provided information on the source and brand of kratom that they had purchased either on the Internet or from a commercial establishment. The investigators then took samples of the designated products for further testing.
Collected kratom samples were tested for the presence of salmonella either in state public health laboratories or in FDA laboratories. If Salmonella was discovered, the FDA was working with marketers to voluntarily recall the kratom product in order to prevent other people from getting sick.
In most of these cases, traders cooperated and a series of voluntary reminders ensued. In one case, the marketer was not cooperative and did not conduct a voluntary recall to prevent further damage. In this case, the FDA issued a mandatory recall order to protect public health. It was the first time that the FDA needed a mandatory booster order to protect Americans from contaminated food products since the agency obtained this authorization in 2011 in the Food Safety Modernization Act.
. caused by Salmonella serotypes other than I 4, [5] 12: b: – have been identified. These test results were provided to the CDC, which compared the molecular fingerprint data from the kratom samples to the PulseNet CDC database of salmonella fingerprint data from salmonella strains collected from sick people in the United States. In several cases, matches were found between salmonella strains in kratom samples and strains found in samples taken from sick people. The interviews of these people, who in some cases had been sick months earlier, found that they had also consumed kratom. This showed that the problem of Salmonella-contaminated kratom was more prevalent than initially identified.
At the end of May 2018, a total of 199 cases of salmonellosis in 41 states were linked to kratom consumption; 38% of these illnesses led to hospitalizations. Fortunately, there have been no known deaths related to these diseases. In addition to Salmonella I 4, [5] 12: b: -, diseases were associated with Salmonella Heidelberg, Salmonella Javiana, Salmonella Okatie, Salmonella Thompson and Salmonella Weltevreden. A total of 81 kratom samples were collected and tested following the outbreak investigation, and 42 (52%) were contaminated with salmonella. This means that users of these products had essentially one in two chance of being exposed to this pathogen.
Although these samples were not collected at random, they were tested because they were eaten by sick people, more than 50% of the contamination rate is incredibly high. It represents a level rarely seen in epidemic surveys of this nature. It shows that a high proportion of kratom shipped to the United States may be contaminated with salmonella. Throughout the year, the FDA has announced additional kratom boosts due to salmonella contamination of products of different brands and brands, which shows that it is all over the place. 39, a persistent problem.
Most kratom spill in the United States. regions of Indonesia and Thailand. In these places, the plant is grown, harvested and treated under problematic conditions that easily create a situation of widespread contamination by foodborne pathogens. Although some of the kratom is processed once in the United States into capsules, powders or herbal remedies, according to our results, these procedures do not seem to eliminate microbial contamination. This places unsuspecting customers at risk for salmonellosis.
Kratom is not legally marketed in the United States as a drug or dietary supplement. Kratom is an opioid, is addictive and has been linked to serious health consequences and deaths among users. Despite these risks, we know that kratom has gained popularity in recent years due to unfounded allegations of its alleged profits.
It seems that the problem of salmonella with kratom detected earlier this year probably occurs for a long time. We concluded our investigation into the epidemic by concluding that anyone consuming kratom may be exposed to a significant risk of exposure to salmonella.
As we have already said, kratom has no proven medical use and the FDA strongly discourages the public from consuming kratom. The subsequent findings of this survey only reinforce this public health recommendation. Kratom is an inherently addictive product that can cause harm, which is reason enough not to consume it. Now, in addition to these risks, we can conclude that there may be a high proportion of products containing kratom and kratom contaminated with salmonella. The FDA, an agency of the US Department of Health and Human Services, protects public health by ensuring the safety, effectiveness, and safety of human and veterinary drugs, vaccines, and vaccines. other biological products for human use and medical devices. The agency is also responsible for the safety and security of our nation's food supply, cosmetics, dietary supplements, products that emit electronic radiation and the regulation of tobacco products.
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