[ad_1]
Russian-Israeli billionaire Yuri Milner is planning the first private mission to deep space – and NASA is helping him.
Milner hopes for life on Saturn moon Enceladus, which many experts believe is the most likely place in the universe to contain alien life.
According to New Scientist, 'Agreements signed by NASA and Milne's non-profit Breakthrough Starshot Foundation in September show that the organizations are working on scientific, technical and financial plans for the ambitious mission.'
Scroll down for video
Humanity's best hope for finding life alien life Saturn's moon Enceladus (pictured). Scientists say the icy celestial body is the only world in the solar system other than Earth with all the ingredients needed for life. Now Russian-Israeli billionaire Yuri Milner is planning the first private mission to deep space to look for it.
NASA has committed to $ 70,000 to help produce a concept study for a mission flyby, and will use the money to provide staff.
Scientists say the icy celestial body is the only world in the solar system other than Earth with all the ingredients needed for life.
The natural satellite pumps organic molecules – a precursor to microbial life – from its liquid subsurface ocean, readings from NASA probe earlier this year revealed.
Researchers said they were 'blown away' by the study, adding the results to extra-terrestrial life.
Breakthrough is proposing another fly-by mission to sample the moon's feathers, but this time with equipment to detect extra-terrestrial life.
The agreements make it clear that Breakthrough would be leading and paying for the mission.
Both NASA and the European Space Agency are currently considering their own missions to Enceladus.
NASA's role in the Breakthrough mission will be to provide scientific and technical consulting, including 'expertise in the fields of astrobiology, planetary, biological, and earth sciences, as well as planetary protection.'
The natural satellite pumps organic molecules from its liquid subsurface ocean, readings from a Nasa probe show. The molecules are ejected via surface jets and hydrothermal winds (artist's impression)
Researchers have previously speculated on a next generation mission to the moon.
'The findings have great significance for the next generation of exploration,' said Dr. Christopher Glein's coauthor study, a researcher at the Southwest Research Institute in San Antonio, Texas.
'A future spacecraft could fly through the plume of Enceladus, and analyze those complex organic molecules using a high-resolution mass spectrometer to help us determine how they were made.
WHO IS YURI MILNER?
In 2012, Milner established The Breakthrough Prize – a set of international recognizing three fields of endeavor awards: Fundamental Physics, Life Sciences and Mathematics
A onetime physics PhD student in Moscow who dropped out to move to the US in 1990, Milner is one of a handful of technology tycoons devoting time and money to space exploration.
Yuri Milner was born in a Jewish family on 11 November 1961 in Moscow and studied at Moscow State University, graduating in 1985.
He began his business career selling illegal DOS computers in the Soviet Union.
When the national government collapsed, he enrolled at the Wharton School of Business to earn an MBA.
Digital Sky Technologies (DST) – now called Mail.ru Group – and DST Global.
DST Global has invested in Facebook, Spotify, Twitter and Alibaba.
In 2012, Milner established The Breakthrough Prize – a set of international recognition recognizing three fields of endeavor: Fundamental Physics, Life Sciences and Mathematics.
Laureates receive $ 3 million each in prize money, making the Breakthrough Prizes the largest scientific awards in the world.
Earlier this year, he teamed up with Stephen Hawking in the search for alien life as part of the 'Breakthrough Initiatives.'
The $ 100 million quest will see telescopes scour one of the closest stars to earth for faint signals.
As part of his long-term vision, Milner believes that the Internet will develop into a global brain that will work as a type of nervous system for Earth.
'We must be cautious, but it is exciting to ponder that this finding indicates that the biological synthesis of organic molecules on Enceladus is possible.'
Enceladus – 628 million miles from Earth – is extremely cold and features ice volcanoes across its cracked surface crust.
Scientists have long suspected the moon may host alien life since the discovery of its subsurface ocean by NASA's Cassini probe in 2015.
The moon regularly feathers ejects of water and ice particles from its global ocean via hydrothermal winds.
The research team reads about one of these feathers that was collected by Cassini.
Satellites E-ring, which is formed by feather ice grains escaping Enceladus' gravity.
They found that complex, carbon-rich organic molecules are ejected from the cracks in Enceladus's icy surface.
The molecules have masses above 200 atomic mass units – over ten times heavier than methane.
WHAT IS ENCELADUS AND COULD IT HOST ALIEN LIFE?
Enceladus (pictured) is Saturn's sixth largest moon, at 313 miles wide (504 kilometers)
Enceladus is Saturn's sixth largest moon, at 313 miles wide (504 kilometers).
It is an old satellite with hydrothermal activity – a rare combination – with winds and water particles and ice particles out of a global ocean buried beneath the moon's frozen crust.
A handful of worlds are thought to have liquid water in their shell, but only Enceladus sprays its ocean out into space, where a spacecraft can sample it.
According to Nasa observations, the feather includes organic compounds, volatile gases, carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, salts, and silica.
Enceladus's hidden ocean. Microbes on our planet.
This means that while Enceladus may look 'inhospitable' like Saturn's other moons, it is a prime candidate in our search for alien life.
Scientists think chemical reactions between the moon and its subsurface are linked to these complex molecules.
They are a necessary precursor to life, 'Dr. Frank Postberg from the University of Heidelberg, who led the research, told The Independent.
'Previously it was unknown if complex organic chemistry happens on Enceladus – and now we know.'
Liquid water, hydrogen gas and organic ingredients – all key ingredients for life
Scientists have long been concerned that Enceladus may host alien life since Nasa's Cassini probe discovered the icy body has a subsurface ocean in 2015. This artist's impression of Enceladus's probing hydrothermal feathers
Researchers said the results could lead to future searches for extra-terrestrial life as the organic molecules may be precursors for alien microbes. It suggests the moon's (artist's impression) subsurface ocean is a prime target for future searches for extra-terrestrial life
But the discovery of complex organic molecules, the precursors to the evolution of simple microbes, means growing life.
'We are, yet again, blown away by Enceladus,' Dr. Glein said.
'Previously we'd only identified the simplest organic molecules containing a few carbon atoms, but even that was very intriguing.'
'With complex organic molecules emanating from its liquid water ocean, this moon is the only body besides Earth known to meet all of the requirements for life as we know it.'
During Cassini's close flyby of Enceladus in October 2015, the probe detected molecular hydrogen as the spacecraft flew through the pen.
The moon regularly feathers ejects of water and ice particles from its global ocean via hydrothermal winds. The research team read more about these feathers that was collected by Cassini (artist's print)
Previous flybys provided evidence for a global subsurface ocean residing above a rocky core.
Molecular hydrogen in the pen is thought to be formed by the geochemical interaction between water and rocks in hydrothermal environments.
"Hydrogen provides a source of chemical energy for microbes that live in the Earth's oceans near hydrothermal winds," said study coauthor Dr. Hunter Waite.
'Once you've identified a potential food source for microbes, the next question to ask is' what is the nature of the complex organics in the ocean?'
'This paper represents the first step in that understanding – complexity in the organic chemistry beyond our expectations!'
The full findings of the study were published in the journal Nature.
Source link
