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It is common knowledge that dark matter constitutes about 80% of the mass of the universe, but what we do not know is exactly what it is or how it is become. Adding to its mystery, a new study reveals that the elusive matter may exist before the Big Bang.
"The study revealed a new link between particle physics and astronomy.If dark matter is made up of new particles born before the Big Bang, they affect how galaxies are distributed in the sky In a unique way, this connection can be used to reveal their identity and draw conclusions about the times that preceded the Big Bang as well, "said Tommi Tenkanen, a postdoctoral fellow in physics and astronomy at Johns Hopkins University. and author of the study.
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Dark matter is difficult to grasp because it is not directly observable. His presence is rather known by his gravitational effects on how visible matter moves and is distributed in space.
Now, the new discoveries run counter to the long-held belief that dark matter must be a remaining substance of the Big Bang.
"If dark matter was really a relic of the Big Bang, in many cases the researchers would have had to see a direct signal of dark matter in different particle physics experiments," Tenkanen said.
A simple mathematical framework
The new study uses a simple mathematical framework to illustrate the fact that dark matter may have been produced before the Big Bang. More precisely, it would have been born at a time known as cosmic inflation when space grew very rapidly. This expansion is thought to have led to the introduction of certain types of particles called scalars such as the Higgs boson.
"We do not know what dark matter is, but if it has something to do with scalar particles, it may be older than the Big Bang." With the proposed mathematical scenario, we do not have to assume new types of interactions between and dark matter beyond gravity, that we already know, is there, "explained Tenkanen.
Although the notion that dark matter may have preceded the big bang is not new, no calculation has yet been made to support this idea. According to Tenkanen, the researchers neglected the simplest mathematical scenario possible for the origins of dark matter.
His new method offers not only a glimpse of this scenario, but it can also lead to a new way of testing the origin of dark matter by observing the signatures left by dark matter on the distribution of matter in the universe.
"Although this type of dark matter is too elusive to be experimented with particles, it can reveal its presence in astronomical observations.We will learn more about the origin of dark matter when launching the Euclid satellite in 2022 very exciting to see what he will reveal about dark matter and if his discoveries can be used to take a look at the time that preceded the Big Bang. "
The study is published in Letters of physical examination.
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