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Claws of preserved mantis shrimp strikes, the strength of which is comparable to the impact of the bullet, due to the elegant saddle-shaped structure of the joint, accumulating the energy in the "spring ceramic".
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Marine mantis shrimp is known to the owners of the fantastically complex "trinocular" of the visual apparatus. It includes two types of light-sensitive receptors that are capable of adapting to different types of radiation. These mantis shrimp vision is so great that some explanation is required even to those, why would they ever need this kind of complexity.
But the surprising and their fighting ability. Claws of some cancer-mantises, like the hind legs of a grasshopper, it can be explosive speed, accelerating to 23 m / s. Such a blow will inflict injury and the person: his energy is comparable to the energy of the bullet is 22 caliber. Scientists have only made up the claws of a mantis shrimp is able to accumulate enough power. About the Singapore researchers report in an article published in the journal iScience.
"Fighting" claws of a mantis shrimp operating in the manner of a spring. The work of a powerful muscle, attached to a durable but resilient saddle-shaped structure of the joint, causes it to deform, storing energy. The Miseret Ali (Ali Miserez) and his colleagues from Nanyang University. The authors noted that the shape of the joint provides a uniform distribution of the area.
© Miserez et al., 2018
But the main secret of the mantis shrimp was a double-layered structure of the articular "saddle": a layer of elastic biopolymers with a layer of highly mineralized tissue. This mineralized ceramics are not the most obvious material for springs. However, scientists have found that the deformation is so important that it is "ceramic" layer shrink, and the bottom elastic is stretched. Ceramics are very brittle in tension or bending, but resistant to compression, but due to its solid crystal lattice can accumulate an exceptional amount of energy. The second polymer layer deforms easily and ensures the integrity of the entire structure.
In contrast to the visual system of a mantis shrimp, the biomechanics of their claws can be played on a modern level of technology development. Probably soon we will see these saddle-shaped bilayer mechanisms and robots is a small but less combative than the mantis.
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