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More: Gender Approaches Can Improve the Diagnostic Accuracy of Alzheimer's
Chicago – The Research Results That Was Presented at the 2018 International Association Conference Alzheimer's (AAIC 2018) in Chicago the gender-specific differences associated with dementia and Alzheimer's disease throughout life, including the first large-scale study on the history of reproduction women and the risk of dementia.
The newly presented results at the 2018 AAIC allow the following conclusions:
- Link between risk of dementia and number of children, number miscarriage, age at onset of first menstruation, and Duration of the breeding phase (years between the first Menstrual period and menopause). - In a separate study: Correlation between the cumulative number month, a woman was pregnant and the risk of Alzheimer's. - Revaluation of the dominant opinion, hormone therapy negatively influence cognitive abilities. - Need for gender norms for cognitive Assessments to improve early detection in women.
"Alzheimer's disease and other dementia suffer from more women than men – in America, nearly two-thirds of Alzheimer's disease are women," commented Maria Carrillo, Ph.D., scientific director of Alzheimer's. According to data and facts from the Alzheimer's Association's 2018 Alzheimer's disease, there are 5.5 million Alzheimer's patients in the United States aged 65 or older – 3.4 million women and 2.0 million men.
The fact that more women than men are affected by Alzheimer's or other dementias is due to a number of possible biological and social causes. It is generally believed that on average, women live longer than men and that this age is the most important risk factor for Alzheimer's disease. However, some research suggests that the risk of developing Alzheimer's disease may be greater in women due to biological or genetic variations or even different experiences and life circumstances such as education and choice career or heart disease.
"More research is needed in this area, as a better understanding of life-cycle risk factors can help us identify and implement specific prevention strategies for different populations with Alzheimer's disease. other dementia ".
Correlation Between Reproductive History and Risk of Dementia in Women
(Note: Also includes recent analyzes that were created after the presentation of the original abstract in February.)
As Presented at AAIC 2018, Paola Gilsanz, ScD Kaiser Permanente researcher in Northern California, Oakland, California, and Rachel Whitmer PhD, professor at UC Davis and other colleagues, studied various aspects of reproductive history and the risk of dementia in the first large-scale epidemiological study in the United States. between the risk of dementia and the number of children, the number of miscarriages, age at the time of first menses, age at the onset of natural menopause and the reproductive phase (number of 39 years between first menstruation and menopause). The self-report reports of 14,595 women aged 40 to 55 years of age 1964-1973 were used for the evaluation.
"The possible causes of dementia in women, especially reproductive factors, are not yet well understood," explains Gilsanz. "In our study, our goal is to identify gender-specific risks and protective factors for brain genetics, which is crucial in reducing the disproportionate proportion of women with dementia."
Researchers found that women with three or more children had a risk of dementia 12% lower than women with only one child – even after adjusting for pregnancy. Other risk factors such as body mass index and pre-existing diseases,
Researchers also collected data on miscarriages and menstruation. The risk of dementia increased by 9 percent with each miscarriage compared to women who did not report miscarriage. The average age for the first menstrual period was 13 years old, the average age for the natural transition to menopause was 47 years old. Women whose first menstruation did not start before the age of 16 or even later were 31% more likely to have dementia than women who had their first menstrual bleeding. Age 13 years old. Compared to women whose natural transition to menopause began after the age of 45, those who entered menopause at age 45 or younger were 28% more likely to have dementia. Figures have been adjusted for demographic purposes.
On average, the breeding season was 34 years old. Compared to women with a reproductive age of 38 to 44, women with a 21 to 30 year reproductive period had a 33% increase in the risk of dementia. In order to evaluate the mechanistic path between reproductive events and brain health, further research is needed.
Pregnancy may affect the risk of Alzheimer's in women
(Notes: Also includes recent analyzes that were prepared after the submission of the original abstract in February.)
In A case-control and cross-sectional study Women collected information on the reproductive history and severity of Alzheimer's disease from Molly Fox, PhD, Assistant Professor of Anthropology and Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences at the University of California at Los Angeles and his colleagues to determine a possible link between pregnancy and risk of Alzheimer's. evaluate and determine if this can be attributed to immune function.
The study data suggest that the number of months during which a woman was pregnant, and especially the first trimester months, is a significant indicator of Alzheimer's risk. The researchers report that in this study population, women who were 12 to 5 months older than women of comparable birth were about 20 percent less at risk for Alzheimer's.
"We are intrigued by the possibility that pregnancy can transform the mother's body so that it can be protected from Alzheimer's disease at an advanced age," says Fox. "These results also indicate that there is more in the game, and maybe it's not just about exposure to estrogen, as research suggests up to # 1. 39, now. "
Scientists believe that sustained positive effects on the immune system during the early stages of pregnancy may be responsible for reducing the observed risk.
Hormone therapy does not need to be associated with cognitive impairment
A new study, presented at AAIC 2018, aimed to examine the extent to which the results of the WHIMS (Women's Health Initiative- Memory Study) and WHISCA (WHI) authoritative study of cognitive aging) differed from previous findings suggesting a cognitive decline associated with hormonal therapies.
Carey E. Gleason, Ph.D., Alzheimer's Disease Research Center of Wisconsin, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, and Hartford Hospital Scientists , Hartford, and George Washington University, DC They focused on two separate studies published by WHIMS and WHISCA: the Kronos Early Estrogen Prevention Study (cognitive and affective study, KEEPS-Cogs) and the Early v. Late intervention trial with estradiol-cognitive evaluation criteria (ELITE-Cog). The results showed:
- No negative cognitive effects were found in women who started hormonal therapy at the age of 50 - 54 years at. In contrast, women receiving hormone therapy had 65 - 70 years old, a drop in the Perception of global memory, working memory and executive brain functions. - Women with type 2 diabetes treated with hormone therapy were controlled by age with respect to non-diabetic women undergoing hormone therapy and diabetic women receiving placebo treatment were at higher risk for cognitive impairment.
"These findings contribute to our understanding of the complex effects of hormones on the brain," says Gleason. "Such data is urgently needed to guide postmenopausal care and help women make informed and personalized decisions to treat their menopausal symptoms and prevent future health problems."
The advantage of women's verbal memory can overlap the early stages of Alzheimer's disease
Pauline Maki, Ph.D., professor of psychiatry and psychology, director of research at the Center de Research on women and gender, University of Illinois, Chicago and researchers from the University of California, San Diego, have studied data from the Neuroimaging Initiative of the disease. Alzheimer's, which suggests that women may experience not only normal aging, but also mild amnesic cognitive disorders. Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment, aMCI) preserves the memory of words and verbal elements. Since the most common diagnostic tests for Alzheimer's disease are related to verbal memory, word lists, stories and other verbal content, researchers wanted to better understand the differences between the sexes in verbal memory and cerebral aging. could be related to gender differences in the presentation and clinical course of Alzheimer's disease.
The study found that women appeared to maintain their cognitive performance at the early stages of the disease compared to men despite mild Alzheimer's disease – measured by three brain markers (hippocampal atrophy, cerebral hypometabolism, and cortical beta-amyloid deposits). With a high degree of disease, this gender-specific benefit was eliminated and verbal memory was eliminated.
"These findings may help explain why women diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease have accelerated deterioration across a wide range of cognitive abilities," says Maki. "Although female lead may be functionally beneficial, it may overlap the early stages of Alzheimer's disease, giving a stronger clinical picture at the time of diagnosis and rapid deterioration."
The application of a diagnostic approach of the kind has helped improve the accuracy of diagnosis in both sexes. This highlights the need and value of alternative approaches such as gender-specific thresholds in diagnostic tests to improve early detection in women.
International Conference of the Alzheimer's Association® (AAIC®) The International Conference of the Alzheimer's Association (AAIC) is the the largest international conference of leading researchers in the field of Alzheimer's disease and other dementias around the world. in the The research program of the Alzheimer's Association serves the The AAIC as a catalyst to gain new insights into dementia generate and a vibrant and collegiate research community promote. AAIC 2018 Home page: alz.org/aaic AAIC 2018 Press Room: alz.org/aaic/press
About the Alzheimer's Association®
The Alzheimer's Association is the leading voluntary association of health professionals in treatment, research and management of Alzheimer's disease. Our mission is to eradicate Alzheimer's disease through advances in research, to provide and improve treatment and support to all stakeholders, and to reduce the risk of dementia by promoting Alzheimer's disease. physical condition of the brain. Our vision is a world without Alzheimer's. Visit us at alz.org or contact us at 800.272.3900.
- Paola Gilsanz, ScD, Rachel Whitmer, PhD, et al. women History of reproduction and risk of dementia. (Funded by: U.S. National Institute on Aging) Molly Fox, PhD, et al. The history of pregnancy in women can influence The risk of Alzheimer's by alterations in immune function. (Funded by: Gates Cambridge Trust) Carey Gleason, PhD, et al. Hormonal contributions to Alzheimer's disease Risk of illness in women. (Funded by: National Institute of the United States on aging) Pauline Maki, PhD, et al. Hormonal contributions to Alzheimer's disease Risk of dementia of the disease in women. (Founder (s): National Institute of the United States on aging Neuroimaging Initiative of Alzheimer's Disease; United States Department of Defense)
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