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"The mechanisms are unclear," said Dr. Manolis Kogevinas, research professor at the Barcelona Institute for Global Health in Spain and lead author of a new study on the subject. "What we know from experimental studies is that we are conditioned to function in different parts of the day: we – not only humans but all living organisms – have evolved over time differently the day and the night.
The study, published Tuesday in the International Journal of Cancer, followed 621 people with prostate cancer and 1,205 with breast cancer, as well as 872 men and 1321 women without cancer, known under the name of control group, randomly selected from primary health centers throughout Spain.
The authors examined each person's way of life and chronotype, or their preference for being a bird or a night owl, by asking them about when they ate and their sleep patterns. Participants also completed questionnaires about their eating habits and cancer prevention recommendations such as physical activity and limiting alcohol consumption.
The researchers said that the effect of the supper-sleep interval was more marked. and in those who were morning types with breast and prostate cancer.
About 27% of breast cancer patients followed cancer prevention recommendations, compared with 31% of the control group. Similar results were found in the prostate cancer group.
The researchers interviewed the two types of groups twice, asking them about work and weekend patterns when they were 40 years old (or their current age, if they were younger) and on that that they were one year before their diagnosis.
Although 7% of subjects also had snacks after supper, the study focused on complete meals, Kogevinas said.
"Population-based studies have shown that people eat late at night." Profiles, "said Marinac." And in particular, we found that people who have a longer night-time fast, which could imply less eating late, have better control of blood glucose and a lower risk of recurrence of cancer. The reduced ability to process glucose are mechanistic factors that link late-onset feeding to the risk of cancer, "she explains.
Many problems that are not addressed in the new study can influence the results, said Dr. Ganesh Palapattu. Oncology at the University of Michigan's Faculty of Medicine, who did not participate in the research, for example, the study reports the educational status of the subjects, but not the ## 147 ## 39, information on their work and their stress.
"I'm not sure this would be what I would call a modification of the practice or behavior anyway right now "Palapattu said. "On this study, I'm not going to tell patients to eat earlier or sleep later."
Both groups ate similar diets, and the researchers did extensive analyzes comparing the results and confirming that they were due to Kogevinas warned that although the findings of the study were Based on solid biological evidence, the data is still new. There must be more populations studied in different contexts, outside of Spain, where people tend to dine later than other countries.
It will be after replicating these results elsewhere and in large groups that recommendations can be made and that experts will be able to determine how much the diet affects the risk of cancer compared to obesity or dietary consumption. Unhealthy foods, says Kogevinas. General philosophy with these kinds of things is always for patients not to overreact to these studies, to continue doing things that are known to be hopeful and healthy, "said Palapattu. "Do not smoke, try to maintain your ideal body weight, exercise regularly, wear a helmet, do not wear text and drive, wear a seatbelt."
Yet new discoveries are Intriguing. "Not only are you what you eat," said Palapattu, "you are like you are eating, and you may well be when you eat."
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