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For a number of reasons, estimating the prevalence of autism spectrum disorders has been a difficult process.
Earlier this year, data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) indicated that one in every 59 children in the US was autistic in 2014. But now, a new government survey suggests that the current figure could be 1 in 40 children.
What is the reason for the discrepancy?
Michael Kogan, author of the new report, pointed out the lack of medical tests (such as the examination of blood samples) to diagnose autism, which makes it "difficult to detect", did he declare. To diagnose the disorder, a pediatrician must screen the child and potential symptoms must be observed by experts.
Although CDC report estimates are based on 8-year-olds from 11 residential areas, the last survey was much broader in scope and used more inclusive methods of data collection.
So what number would be more accurate?
This is difficult to determine because both conclusions have their fair share of limitations. As the CDC reviewed the 2014 estimates, one could say that the number 1 out of 40 is a more accurate representation of the current prevalence.
On the other hand, the new survey depended on parental statements – which are not always validated clinically – and could be more prone to inaccuracies. Thomas Frazier, Scientific Lead for Autism Speaks, said he prefers the CDC figures, even though they may have been "somewhat conservative".
According to the data, is autism on the rise?
While diagnoses are on the rise, experts have mixed opinions about whether the disease affects more children than previously because of an unknown trigger.
For example, we know that fewer babies die in the country than before, which means that some of them are at risk of being diagnosed with autism. Earlier this year, Daisy Christensen of the CDC also explained how the changing definition of autism could be a factor.
"In the 80s and 90s, the diagnostic criteria were expanded to include more children, so I think it's certainly a possibility of increase that we've found," she said. she declared. Nevertheless, the authors of the last report indicated that more research is needed to provide a firm answer to this question.
What are the other challenges we face?
Many parents who participated in the survey said they had difficulty accessing their children's care. Compared to the care needs of people with Down syndrome and other behavioral disorders, they were 44% more likely to have difficulty accessing mental health care and 24% less likely to receive mental health care. help with coordination of care.
"Although we have seen progress in recent years, this confirms what we know about our parents, namely that many children face unacceptable delays in diagnostic assessment, even after parents, teachers or other responsible people have recognized the signs of autism, "Frazier said. .
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