Health: a brief history of vaccination – BBC News BBC Thai

What is a vaccine? How it works? And why do some people fear paranoia?

In fact, vaccines save millions of lives a year. The next story is the history of the vaccine. And the reasons that make it extremely important

In the last century Vaccines help save tens of millions of lives. But now, many health professionals in the country are reporting new trends in birth. "The hesitation is not sure of the vaccine to take", which has increased the number of people who refused the vaccination.

The World Health Organization is very concerned about these trends. Even if the refusal of the vaccine is one of the 10 problems that threaten the health of the world's population this year.

How did the discovery of the vaccine unfold?

Before the birth of the vaccine This world is a more dangerous place than today. Millions of people die each year from diseases that we can now find ways to prevent.

In the 10th century, the Chinese were the first to discover how to build immunity similar to vaccination. This method is called variolation, which means that healthy people get in the body tissue or crusts caused by the patient's disease. To create an immunity

800 years later, the British doctor Edward Jenner noticed that cow milk workers are often slightly infected with cowpox (cowpox), but almost never suffer from smallpox that threatens life.

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Smallpox or smallpox is easily contagious. Patients are at risk of death of about 30% and those who survive often have scars all over the body or are blind.

In 1796, Dr. Jenner experimented with 8-year-old boy James Phipps by introducing pus from the wound of a smallpox patient into the skin of Phipps boys. Causing a little later to have symptoms of smallpox

But when Phipps boy recovered from smallpox A new serious infection of smallpox broke out in his body. But this time, it seems like I do not get sick of a deadly disease. This shows that the variola cow that had previously been helped to boost her immunity

Later in the year 1798, the results of this experiment were published to the medical profession. And began to call this method of immunization, "vaccine", which is derived from the Latin word vacca meaning cow

Vaccine success

Vaccines provide relief and prevent significant damage. That can be caused by many diseases in the last century For example, in the past, before the 1960s, with the introduction of measles vaccines for the first time About 2.6 million people worldwide die.

The World Health Organization reports on the situation after using measles vaccine. The number of deaths from this disease has decreased by 80% worldwide between 2000 and 2017.

Decades ago Millions of people with polio can have paralysis or even death. But today, polio is almost exhausted because of vaccination.

Why do some people refuse vaccination?

Suspicion of vaccines Exists since the medical community began publishing new vaccines Previously, people were against vaccination for religious reasons. Or believe that the vaccine is contaminated soil Some people think that mandatory vaccination violates the free will of man.

In the early 19th century, a movement that formed a coalition against vaccines all over England This group of people was pushed to use other methods to prevent epidemics. Such as the separation and quarantine of patients

In the 1870s, the first anti-vaccine alliance in the United States was born After the visit of British activist William Tabb to the United States

As for activists who campaign against vaccines today Andrew Wakefield, who lives in London, published in 1998 a false report accusing him of: Autism and some gastrointestinal diseases Caused by the MMR vaccine, which is a combined vaccine that prevents measles, rubella and mumps at the same time.

Even the MD Wakefield will be revealed later that he is not reliable. He has also been retired in the UK with a professional license. But the number of statistics at a later time indicates that there are fewer children who get vaccinated.

In 2004, only one year, the children who received the MMR vaccine fell to one hundred thousand people in the United Kingdom. This has led to an increase in epidemics after this

The subject of the vaccine has also been turned into more political issues. For example, Mr. Matteo Salvini, Italian Interior Minister Announced on the Same Side as Anti-Immunization Department US President Donald Trump is accused of a dilemma that the vaccine causes autism. But later he returned these words by calling the parents to take their children to vaccinate

International Survey of Vaccination Attitudes Emphasized that in many countries most people still have confidence in themselves and view vaccination in a positive way. But the level of confidence in this respect is the lowest in the European region. France is a country where people believe that vaccines are the least safe.

What are the risks of vaccine resistance?

When a large population receives vaccines This will help prevent the spread of the disease. Who is Equal to Protection for People Who Are Not Vaccinated? Or People Without Natural Immunity? This is called "Herd Immunity", which, if broken down, will result in a larger population at risk of serious illness.

The proportion of the population that needs to be vaccinated to maintain immunity Difference in each disease For example, in the case of measles, the number of vaccines should be at least 90% and polio should not be lower at 80%.

Last year, leaflets were distributed in the conservative Jewish community in the Brooklyn area of ​​the United States. The message in the flyer states that vaccination and autism are linked. But it should be noted that such a community is one of the most important measles outbreaks in the country in decades.

The experienced British doctor with the highest level of skill warned last year that too many people believe false information about vaccines in social media. Researchers in the United States have discovered that spreading false information that creates conflict in the online world calls "bot" or automated robots of the Russian type.

However, the proportion of children vaccinated worldwide according to the doctor's recommendations Regarded still unchanged Which is about 85% in recent years According to statistics from the World Health Organization, the vaccine helps prevent the death of 2 to 3 million people each year.

The biggest challenge in the field of vaccines Always a low rate of vaccination Especially in the case of countries that have just passed the war and whose health system is below the norms Which includes Afghanistan, Angola and the Republic Democratic Republic of Congo

In the case of not receiving vaccines in developed countries The World Health Organization has stated that In addition to the misunderstandings that prevent the vaccine as mentioned above Also caused by negligence and negligence What seems that some people have forgotten that What types of diseases can harm us?