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İSMAİL NUMAN TELCİ – Five years have passed since the coup d'etat in Egypt on July 3, 2013. While the post-coup regime is considered the most oppressive government in the history of country, the economy that keeps getting worse makes the living conditions of the Egyptians more and more difficult. While the regime politically supports Western countries, it tries to survive in the economic sense, especially with financial support from the Gulf countries. On the other hand, it can be said that the Sisian regime has an unsuccessful performance in the field of foreign policy.
The 2013 military coup, Muslim Brotherhood member Muhammad Mursi, who was elected president in the first democratic and transparent elections since 1952 in the country, caused the greatest dissatisfaction with the Egyptian regime. was removed from his position. Movement members refused to accept the coup and spread the word on the streets and asked peaceful protesters and coup plotters to release Morsi and return to Barracks. However, Chief of Staff Abdülfettah al-Sisi, who led the coup, launched a large-scale crackdown on the Muslim Brotherhood, ignoring the demands of millions of people. 39, Egyptians who voted for Mursi.
The military operation against members of the Muslim Brotherhood, rallied to protest against the coup d'état on Rabiat al-Adeviya Square on August 14, 2013, marks a turning point in the post-war era. stroke. More than two civilians were killed during a few hours of operation and extensive arrests were made in the ensuing period to completely erase the Egyptian political scene in motion. As the Muslim Brotherhood was later declared a "terrorist organization", tens of thousands of members continued to be detained and confiscated by the regime on property belonging to Ihwan
– opponents outside of Iwan were under Pressure
Judgment on the Muslim Brotherhood Thousands of people imprisoned for their participation in peaceful and anti-coup protests were sentenced to death, while their civilian and military courts controlled their regime.
The repression of the Sisi regime was not limited to the members of the Muslim Brotherhood, although members of the Muslim Brotherhood of the prison were deprived of any medical intervention, forced to remain in non-human conditions and subjected to months d & # 39; imprisonment. Other civil movements, such as the April 6 Movement and the Revolutionary Socialists, who supported the anti-Mursi protests before July 3, 2013 and supported Sisi during the coup, were also subjected to the rage of the Sisi regime. These movements criticized the regime's repressive policies following the coup and criticized the Sisi administration, claiming that the gains from the revolution begun in 2011 had been lost. The regime's position on these criticisms was severe: the April 6 Movement was also on the list of terrorist organizations and its leaders were arrested. On the other hand, the socialist and secular opponents of the country were forced to remain silent because of pressure from the Sisi regime. The pressure of the regime on these groups still continues today. After the 2018 elections in which Sissi was re-elected, a new campaign of arrest for secular dissidents, including Vail Abbas, Emel Fethi, Shadi al-Ghazali Harb and Shadi al-Zayd, was launched.
has also been implicated in serious human rights violations as part of the lobbying policies that he has implemented since. In this context, regulatory control of the media was introduced by enacting laws restricting the freedom of the press, while the control mechanism of non-governmental organizations was strengthened and operational capacity was severely limited.
– Western leaders support coup regime
At the forefront of the elements that effectively maintain the Sisi regime's policy of repression against the country's civil insurgents and human rights violations, the regime is the Western leader in regime it is accepted as a legitimate government by the countries and these countries still do not respond to the rights violations in Egypt. Many Western leaders came to see the human rights violations in Egypt, while hosting the main actor of the coup, Abdülfettah El-Sisi, with official ceremonies, providing legitimacy that they needed the coup regime. So much so that during Sisi's visit to France in 2017, President Emmanuel Macron's journalists said: "What do you think about human rights in Egypt?
On the other hand, after the election of Sisi as president after the elections held in a democratic and non-transparent environment of strong pressure, the election of the President of the People's Republic of Turkey He was It is also remarkable that the leaders were congratulated. This was clearly observed after the elections of 2014 and 2018. Following the elections held in 2014, with Sisi having obtained 96.9% of the votes, the United States issued a statement underlining their desire to establish strategic cooperation with the new Egyptian administration. German President Sisi, in a statement congratulating the United Kingdom, France and Italy, called on foreign ministers Sisi & yi to celebrate the electoral victory. A similar situation followed the presidential election of 2018. During the election, Sisi, who stopped the candidates who might be competing against him or forced him to withdraw from the race, is again became head of state, getting 97% of the votes in the race against Musa Mustafa Musa. Many Western leaders also congratulated Sisi after the elections and many Western leaders, including US President Donald Trump, French President Emmanuel Macron, Italian President Sergio Matterella, British Prime Minister Theresa May and German Chancellor Angela Merkel, [19659002] – Poor Economy and Weakness of Foreign Policy
One of the most significant problems facing the Sisi regime after the coup is the poor economic climate. Instability, political uncertainty, terrorist attacks and security issues created by the Darbenian have had a negative impact on the Egyptian economy. Falling investment, falling tourism revenues, rising unemployment, high inflation and deteriorating macroeconomic indicators are making living conditions in Egypt increasingly difficult. In order to overcome these problems, the regime is trying to maintain economic activity thanks to the support it receives from Gulf countries such as Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates. In parallel with falling oil prices, the reluctance of the Gulf countries to provide financial support has led Sisi to find new alternatives. At that time, the Sisi administration, which began negotiations with the International Monetary Fund (IMF), managed to obtain a $ 12 billion loan from the agency after short negotiations. However, IMF loan conditions negatively affect low income segments in Egypt. In line with the demands for reform of the IMF, the Egyptian government has had to raise prices for electricity, oil and basic foodstuffs.
Finally, in the post-coup era, the country's foreign policy also faced many crises. It was observed that if the fake foreign policy preferences of the Sisi regime were effective, the effectiveness of Egypt in regional policy gradually diminished. Ethiopia 's Renaissance Dam project built the Addis Ababa government, while ignoring the demands of Egypt' s persistence, Sudan 's management boards developed ignoring the relations of the country. Egypt with Turkey. On the other hand, Egypt, acting with Saudi Arabia and the BAE in the crises of Qatar and Libya, moved back and forth and did not have any problems. 39, serious influence. Those who live in Palestine and relations with Israel can be viewed as a complete frustration by the Egyptian government: they went to a strategic cooperation with the Tel Aviv regime, and the Israeli army approved the operations for them. Sina targets.
When evaluated from these angles, it is clear that after the coup of 2013, the Soviet regime will lose its prestige both inside and out. 39 in the interior of the Arab public, despite the rise of the Islamic world after the declaration of Jerusalem as capital. It can be seen that the Sisi regime in Egypt was a government that could not maintain stability in domestic politics, could not prevent economic deterioration in economic terms and made the country a passive player at the regional level with poor preferences in foreign policy. Given the political situation and the economic situation in the country, it can be said that it is difficult to get rid of Egypt from this stalemate.
[Ortadoğu siyaseti, Arap devrimleri, Mısır’daki devrim süreci ve Körfez siyaseti konularında uzman olan Dr. Öğr. Üyesi İsmail Numan Telci, Sakarya Üniversitesi Ortadoğu Enstitüsü (ORMER) müdür yardımcısı, Siyasal Bilgiler Fakültesi Uluslararası İlişkiler Bölümü öğretim üyesi ve SETA Dış Politika Masası araştırmacısıdır]
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